Vocabulary notes

unemployment безработица

unemployed безработный

lack (of) недостаток ч-л.

market wage rate рыночный уровень заработной платы

occupation род занятий, профессия

lay off увольнять

job offering предложение работы

social security benefits социальные пособия

Tasks

I. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:

рабочая сила, недостаток образования, принимать рыночный уровень заработной платы, искать работу, вакансии, увольнять, экономические изменения, устаревший (ненужный), социальные пособия, заработная плата.

II. Consult the dictionary and give Russian equivalents for the followin:

to be qualified for job, to accept the going wage rate, considerable delay, lack of sth, to distinguish between different types, transitional, temporary unemployment, to arise, a significant problem, flow of information, long run, to occur, to match, to result from, relatively low, productive capacity, devastating effect, recession, demand for labour declines, to fluctuate, social security benefits.

III. Find words or expressions in the text which correspond to the following definitions:

1) the workforce

2) a person without any permanent job

3) meeting the proper standards and requirements and training for an office or position or task

4) the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities

5) the state of being employed or having a job

6) weekly payment given for work done

7) an ability that has been acquired by training

8) an amount of something available for use

9) the ability and desire to purchase goods and services

10) money provided by the government to people who need it

IV. True or false?

1. One cannot be considered an unemployed truck driver if he is unable to drive a truck.

2. Frictional unemployment is long run in nature.

3. Structural unemployment occurs when the skills of available workers do not match the jobs vacant.

4. Changes in consumer preferences for products expand production and employment in all areas.

5. A decline in aggregate demand in the economy increases total production.

6. Voluntary unemployment exists when people choose not to work.

7. Classical unemployment is the lost of jobs caused when wages are low.

V. Fill in the gaps with the words from the frame.

unemployment rate cyclical structural frictional seasonal cyclical underemployed structural employment seasonal frictional labor force

Those employed and those unemployed but looking for work make up the 1) ………………. . The percentage of the labor force that is unemployed is measured by the 2) ………………… . When workers cannot find full-time jobs equal to their skills, they are classified as 3) ………… .The major types of unemployment are 4) …………… , 5) ……...., 6) ……….., and 7) ………….. .

People who are voluntarily between jobs compose 8) …………… unemployment. Workers laid off during the off season compose 9) …………… unemployment. When the economy slows down, 10)…………….. unemployment occurs. When people lack the qualifications for the available jobs, we experience 11) ………….unemployment. We may have a 5 or 6 percent unemployment rate yet some economists may call this full 12)………….. .