On the Principles of Permissible Overunity em Power Systems

 

T. E. Bearden

CEO, CTEC, Inc.

Fellow Emeritus, AIAS

28 July 2001 Abstract and Summary:

We develop the major principles of emerging overunity EM power systems as open systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium, freely receiving excess energy from the active vacuum.  Such systems were arbitrarily omitted from Maxwell's theory by curtailment. Heaviside's reinterpretation and simplification of Maxwell's equations did retain such overunity EM systems as one major subset.  Lorentz then regauged the Maxwell-Heaviside equations by arbitrary symmetrical regauging to provide still simpler equations and a further reduced subset of permissible Maxwell-Heaviside systems.  Lorentz regauging erroneously discarded the entire class of Maxwellian EM systems not in thermodynamic equilibrium with the active vacuum.

Generators and batteries do not furnish energy to their external circuits.  Instead, the source dipole, once formed, extracts energy from the vacuum via the broken 3-symmetry of its constituent charges.  The generators and batteries only perform work upon their internal charges to separate them and form the source dipole.  Hence one does not input energy to a conventional power source to power the circuit; instead, the input energy is only for the power source to create its source dipole.  Once made, the broken symmetry of the dipole extracts usable EM energy from the vacuum and pours it out the terminals of the power supply (Figure 1).  The extracted energy from the vacuum is in the form of Heaviside/Poynting energy flow, consisting of two components (Figure 2).  The portion striking the circuit and diverged into the conductors to power the electron current is the Poynting component.  The remaining Heaviside nondiverged component misses the circuit and is wasted. Every dipolar power supply is already a COP>1.0 EM converter system.

Closed current loop design of present power systems insures that Lorentz symmetrical regauging is self-applied by every system (Figure 3).  The depotentialized electrons in the ground return line are forcibly rammed back through the back emf of the source dipole, scattering the dipole charges and destroying the source dipole.  This kills the flow of energy being extracted from the vacuum by the former dipole.  Such systems use their collected energy to destroy their free energy mechanism (the source dipole) and its extraction of energy from the vacuum, faster than they can power their loads.  Hence present EM power systems are self-crippling systems inherently self-limited to COP<1.0.

Classical EM still erroneously assumes any charge as existing in an inert vacuum and creating—right out of nothing—all the EM energy flow it continuously pours out in all directions across the entire universe, providing the EM energy in the fields and potentials associated with the charge.  This erroneous assumption that every charge is a pure source and a perpetual motion machine was resolved over 40 years ago in particle physics by the discovery of broken symmetry (Figure 4).  However, classical electrodynamicists have never changed their century-old model to incorporate the proven active vacuum exchange.

            For circuits, electrodynamicists presently do not calculate the entire associated EM energy flow, which is large.  Instead, they calculate the small Poynting component of the flow—that component of the flow that strikes the surface charges in the circuit and is thereby diverged into the circuit to power the electrons (Figure 2, Figure 5).  The nondiverged energy transport (Heaviside) portion of the EM energy flow that misses the circuit is arbitrarily discarded.  Following Lorentz's method { [1] }, electrodynamicists calculate the Slepian vector equivalent (i.e., the Poynting component) and erroneously label it the entire EM energy flow.  Instead, it is the energy dissipation flow inside the circuit, not the entire EM energy flow associated with the circuit, both inside and outside it.

For a nominal circuit, the entire EM energy flow extracted by the source dipole from the vacuum may be on the order of 10¹³ times as great (Figure 6) as the Poynting component actually intercepted by the circuit { [2] , [3] } and then used to produce the Slepian vector and power the losses and loads while also killing the source dipole. [1]

Examples of legitimate overunity systems and processes developed by scientists (Sweet, Kron, Lawandy, Letokhov, Chung,Mandel'shtam and Papaleksi) are briefly presented.  The Bohren experiment is repeatable and produces COP = 18.

A summary of the major principles and characteristics of permissible EM power systems with COP>1.0 is presented at the conclusion. The reader is directed to my website, www.cheniere.org, for appreciable additional COP>1.0 system information.