Language development

(A) Exercise 1. Fill in the correct words from the list below. Use the words only once.

water cultivate materials provide irrigation livestock render growing supply animal

…… supply …… ditches …… crops crop …… …… breeding

raw …… …… fat …… provender …… with protein …… products

(A) Exercise 2. Underline he correct words.

1. Farmers planted / received crops before the floods.

2. Agriculture is a vital/ feed branch of an economy.

3. All crops can be grown/ subdivided into four groups.

4. All grasses rely on/belong to feed crops.

5. Industrial crops provide raw materials for processing/harvesting.

6. Pulses use/comprise peas, beans and lentils.

7. We make clothing and furniture with tallow/wool and leather.

8. There is a long list of animals’ cereals /by-products.

(A) Exercise 3. Match names of groups with agricultural crops. Translate the Russian words into English.

кормовые crops	морковь, turnips, radish, red beet, tomatoes, watermelons, muskmelons, pumpkins, огурцы, cabbage, potatoes, peas, бобы
vegetables	sugar beet, лен, hemp, cotton
food crops	clover, timothy, alfalfa, вика, swedes, mangel
промышленные crops	wheat, rye, ячмень, oats, buckwheat , просо

(B) Exercise 4. Choose the odd word:

1. Soil problems:

Nutrient depletion, erosion, crop rotation, land degradation

2. Methods of soil conservation:

Raw materials, crop rotation, cover crops, manure

3. Animal products:

Wool, nitrogen, leather, soap

4. Crop growing:

Cereals, provender, buckwheat, poultry

(B) Exercise 5. 1) Look at the following nouns and say which are used in crop growing, in livestock breeding, or for soil conservation:

Erosion, the amount of nitrogen, provender, tallow, grain crops, sugar beet, flax, green manure, furniture, meat, bones and hooves

2) Match the above nouns with the following verbs:

Rotate, prevent, make, supply, manufacture, process, render, grow, increase, provide with protein, include.

(B) Exercise 6. Underline he correct items:

1. Farmers moved/ rendered/ increased/ harvested water from the Nile River to their fields.

2. Early farmers could solve/ cultivate/ develop/ prevent crops any time of the year.

3. Now two main laws/ methods/ branches/ products of agriculture are being developed: crop growing and livestock breeding.

4. Food crops comprise/ harvest/ cultivate/ use cereals or grain crops.

5. Grasses grow/ belong to/ include/ make from feed crops.

6. Industrial crops use/ manufacture/ prevent/ provide raw materials for processing.

7. Vegetables can be subdivided/ included/ grown/ provided into root crops, fruit crops, pulses, tuber crops.

8. We turn into/ rely on/divide into/ belong to animals for a number of products.

9. Even baseballs use animal wool/ fat/ products/ cattle.

10. Crop production/ rotation/ degradation/ conservation increases the amount of nitrogen in the soil.

(B) Exercise 7. Fill in the correct prepositions where necessary:

1. The Nile River floods … the same time every year.

2. The farmers moved water … the Nile River … their fields.

3. Agriculture is a vital branch … an economy.

4. All crops can be subdivided … the following groups.

5. Feed crops supply provender … cattle.

6. First of all grasses belong … feed crops and some vegetables.

7. Industrial crops provide raw materials … processing.

8. People rely … animals for a number of products.

9. But soil faces … many threats, including nutrient depletion and erosion.

10. Several methods of soil conservation can turn unhealthy soil … a plant paradise.

11. Crop rotation solves … nutrient depletion.

12. Farmers also use different practices … combat and prevent … erosion.

(C) Exercise 8. Fill in the gaps. Find the synonyms to the words in brackets.

1. There are two … (needs) for farming: good soil and a water supply.

2. Agriculture is a … (significant) branch of an economy.

3. At present two main branches of agriculture are being … (evolved): crop growing and livestock breeding.

4. Vegetables … (include) root crops, fruit crops, pulses, tuber crops.

5. Animals’ milk and meat … (supply) us with protein.

6. But soil faces many … (dangers), including nutrient depletion and erosion.

7. Cover crops, or green manure, are … (alternated) with other crops.

8. Plants have varying degrees of … (the ability to tolerate) for cold.

9. The most important issue to consider is … (area) selection.

10. Less favorable sites may … (demand) special care.

11. There are several methods of freeze … (defense).

12. … (Hothouses) can be used to absorb and trap heat.

(C) Exercise 9. Look at these groups of words. What is the topic for each one? Which one doesn’t belong to each group?

Topic	Words	Odd word
	freeze protection, desert, irrigation ditches, floods,
	tallow, baseballs, candles, green manure, buttons
	poultry, nutrient depletion, erosion, unhealthy soil, lack of nitrogen
	vegetables, animals’ by-products, pulses, cereals, industrial crops
	growing degree days, greenhouses, livestock, tolerance degrees, growing seasons