Test 1d

Task 1. Study the text.

Leisure

Today leisure is often regarded as time left over after caring for the needs of existence, such as eating and sleeping, and for subsistence, such as work or education. This leftover time is to be used as each individual chooses. Studies suggest that the average adult spends about 80 to 85 hours weekly for existence and about 35 to 40 hours for subsistence, leaving about 40 to 50 hours of leisure time.

Some people view leisure simply as recreation. Others view it as a state of being free, as an attitude of mind that aids in experiencing the reality of the world. Many people consider leisure the main objective of life, and work merely a means to reach this objective. Whatever definition we may use, leisure is the time we can spend at our discretion. Some people do or watch sports, some prefer reading, others take up a hobby.

Hobbies are either chosen, or they arise from an individual’s interests, skills, daily work, tastes, ambitions, or past schooling. Stamp or coin collecting are examples of hobbies based on deliberate choice. Making model airplanes can be something to do for a pastime, or it might develop as a result of service in an air force or as an airline pilot. Designing computer programs is a hobby based on work experience or schooling.

All hobbies involve activity, but some involve more than others do. Collecting – whether of antiques, coins, or first editions of books – is relatively passive compared to doing one’s own paintings or making furniture.

There have traditionally been four types of hobbies – those relating to history, nature, handicrafts, and the arts. Recently, with advance in electronics, many individuals have made computer use a hobby, while other use videocassette cameras to make their own movies. There can be considerable overlap between some types, especially between hobbies relating to the arts and those that have to do with the past. Scrimshaw, for instance, is an art, but it is also a kind of memorabilia relating to 19^th century sailing. Many hobbies require both collecting and creating.

Task 2: Translate the marked paragraphs into Russian.

Task 3. Put the questions to the following sentences using prompts in brackets:

1. There are traditionally four types of hobbies. (How many …? Альтернативный вопрос)

2. All hobbies involve activity. (What …? Разделительный вопрос)

3. Some people view leisure simply as recreation.(How …? Общий вопрос)

Task 4. Fill in the gaps with indefinite pronouns some/any.

1. Would you like .... sugar in your tea? 2. Don't buy .... rice. We have .... . 3. We haven't got .... bread, so I'm going to buy .... . 4. When we were on holiday, we visited .... interesting places. 5. I went out to buy .... milk but they didn't have ....in the shop.

Task 5. Fill in the gaps with indefinite pronouns somebody/ someone/something/anybody/anyone/ anything.

1. Did you see ... in the yard? 2. Do you have ... for my heartburn? 3. Would you like ... to drink? 4. I need ... long to get my pencil from under the wardrobe. 5. I think ... broke in my garage while I was away.

Task 6. Complete the sentences with reflexive pronouns myself/yourself/himself and so on.

1. They have a habit of checking everything for ... . 2. I understand your interest for this work. I’m so much interested in it ... . 3. Jane is able to do it ... . 4. Bring back the textbook. I need it ... . 5. He knows it ... .

Task 7. Make the plural form of the following nouns:

Armchair, woman, wolf, gun, watch, bridge, mistake, formula, luggage, ship, farm, hat, bank, rifle, child, tooth, crisis, son-in-law.

Task 8. Insert the articles where necessary:

1. This rose is beautiful flower. 2. This is low table. 3. Europe is not a large continent but it has a large population. 4. Have you ever been to USA? 5. I don't know everybody in this photograph. Who is man on left? 6. It was a very nice hotel but I don't remember name. 7. I didn't like her first time I met her. 8. What do you usually have for breakfast? 9. Mary comes from a small village in west of Scotland. 10. Roses are beautiful flowers. 11. If you sail from Britain to Denmark, you cross North Sea. 13. Tea is hot drink.

Task 9. Form the comparative and superlative degrees of comparison from the adjectives:

1.heavy; 2.little; 3.hillarious; 4.wise; 5.hot; 6.old; 7.indefinite