Module 8 Aircraft
Useful expressions |
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Participle phrases
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Personal Point of View
In my experience… As far as I'm concerned… Speaking for myself… In my opinion… Personally, I think… I'd say that… I'd suggest that… I'd like to point out that… I believe that… What I mean is…
General Point of View
It is thought/considered/believed that... Some people say that... It is generally accepted that...
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Agreeing with an opinion
Of course. That's true. You're absolutely right. Yes, I agree (with you entirely). I think so too. That's a good point. Exactly. I'd go along with that. That's just what I was thinking. I couldn't agree more.
I don't think so either. Neither do I. So do I.
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Disagreeing with an opinion
I'm sorry to disagree with you, but… However… That's not entirely true. On the contrary… Yes, but don't you think… That's not the same thing at all. I'm afraid I have to disagree. I'm not so sure about that. I must take issue with you on that. It's unjustifiable to say that... |
Reading and speaking activities Words and expressions from the text
double-decker plane |
a plane that has two decks for passengers; the second deck may be only a partial deck, and may be above or below the main deck |
propeller-driven design |
a design that uses a propeller as its prime propulsion device |
self-repairing wings |
wings that are capable of repairing themselves in flight due to the use of revolutionary materials (e.g. self-healing composites, which mimic how plants and animals heal wounds) |
take-off |
an occasion when a plane leaves the ground and starts to fly |
hybrid propulsion |
propulsion that takes advantage of both electric motor and internal combustion engine providing not only a benefit in fuel saving but also a reduction in takeoff noise and the emission levels |
laminar flow |
flow that occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers |
turbulence |
a flow regime characterized by chaotic property changes |
Breguet Range equation |
an equation that tells engineers how far an airplane can fly given a certain set of parameters |
propulsive efficiency |
efficiency, in percent, with which the energy contained in a vehicle's propellant is converted into useful energy, to replace losses due to aerodynamic drag, gravity, and acceleration |
aerodynamic efficiency |
a term used to describe the relationship between the downforce a vehicle generates, and drag |
lift |
a mechanical force generated by an object moving through a fluid |
structural efficiency |
function of the weight of structure to the afforded aircraft strength |
manned flight |
aerial travel with a crew aboard the aircraft |
R1: Discuss the following questions:
What do you know about modern aircraft designs?
What advanced technologies do they use?
What are the factors to be taken into consideration when evaluating the design of an aircraft?
What lies in the future of air travel?