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X. Сomplete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals:

1. A good ___________ can change your life. EDUCATE

2. She worked day and night and at the end of the week was close to ___________ . EXHAUST

3. If the business owes money, the _____________ themselves are not liable for the debts. OWN

4. The land was bought as ______________ . SPECULATE

5. If our self-tender is successful, it will reduce the chances of a hostile bid and increase our ____________ per share. EARN

Вариант 2

I. Read and translate the text. Write down your translation of the first paragraph. Microfinance

1. Microfinance is a source of financial services for entrepreneurs and small businesses lacking access to banking and related services. The two main mechanisms for the delivery of financial services to such clients are: relationship-based banking for individual entrepreneurs and small businesses; group-based models, where several entrepreneurs come together to apply for loans and some other services. In some regions, for example Southern Africa, microfinance is used to describe the supply of financial services to low-income employees, which is closer to the retail finance model prevalent in mainstream banking. Microfinance is a movement whose object is a world in which as many poor and near-poor households have permanent access to an appropriate range of high quality financial services, including not just credit but also savings, insurance, and fund transfers.

2. Many of those who promote microfinance generally believe that such access will help poor people to escape poverty. For others, microfinance is a way to promote economic development, employment and growth through the support of micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses. Microfinance is a broad category of services, which includes microcredit. Microcredit is provision of credit services to poor clients. Microcredit is very flexible. For example, a group of people might want to be independent by setting up a small organic farm, a craft workshop or a local radio project. Under normal circumstances, such groups would find it difficult to persuade a bank to finance such projects. However, microcredit enables poor farmers, producers or entrepreneurs to buy seed, equipment or set up a mini-business. In this way, microfinance supports small entrepreneurs, providing possibilities for them to become self-sufficient and escape poverty.

3. In developing economies and particularly in rural areas, many activities that would be classified in the developed world as financial are not monetized: that is, money is not used to carry them out. Common substitutes for cash vary from country to country but typically include livestock, grains, jewelry and precious metals.

II. Decide whether the following statements are a) true, b) false or c) information is not available in the text:

  1. Muhammad Yunus was the pioneer of microcredit from the 1970s.

  2. Microfinance is not a way to promote economic development, employment and growth.

  3. Common substitutes for cash include livestock, grains, jewelry and precious metals.

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