- •Modal verbs and their equivalents
- •The modal verbs of necessity
- •The modal verbs of possibility
- •Modal verbs with Simple Infinitive and Perfect Infinitive
- •Simple Infinitive
- •Perfect Infinitive
- •2.Read the sentences, match them with the functions
- •3 .Listen to a conversation on the beach. Complete the gaps.
- •4.Now read the dialog once again and fill in the modal verbs.
- •5.Complete the gaps with the modal verbs – must, may, may not, might, might not, could, can’t
- •What concepts do the verbs in italics express? Permission? Obligation/advice? Ability? Willingness/ refusal?
- •"Buried Treasure ".
- •Mama knows best
- •I should have done it – следовало сделать (а я не сделал)
- •I had to do it – пришлось сделать
- •I needn’t have done it – можно было не делать (а я сделал)
- •I didn’t have to do it – можно было не делать (я и не делать)
- •Review on modals
- •1 Translate
- •2. Open the brackets and fill in the blanks with must, have to, be to, should, need, ought to (in some cases you may have several variants)
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the modal verbs making necessary changes (you may have several variants)
- •4. Translate into English using modal verbs.
- •5. Read the article and put the correct expressions of obligation and permission into the gaps. Discuss the text.
"Buried Treasure ".
One day, while they were playing in the sand near their home in New Zealand, nine-year-old Patrick and two friends found a giant egg. It was over a hundred times bigger than a chicken's egg. "Can we keep it?" Patrick asked. "Of course you can", said his father. Patrick's friend added, "I once found some old coins and I was allowed to keep them". The children wanted to know all about their egg, so they wrote a letter to a scientific laboratory. This is what they said: "Could you please help us to find out about our egg? Can we bring it to show you? Could you please do some tests and tell us what's inside it? Are children allowed to visit your laboratory? If they are, could we please come soon?"
Patrick and his friends were allowed to take their egg for laboratory tests. The tests showed that it was an egg of the extinct elephant bird and that it was at least two thousand years old. What a surprise! "We will be allowed to keep it. Won't we, Dad?" Patrick asked.
The children and their egg soon became famous. They appeared on television and someone offered them 75,000 dollars for it. They began to plan how they would spend the money. But it was all too good to be true. One day, a government letter arrived which said:
"The egg is public property. You are not allowed to keep things which belong to the state. We are sorry but you will have to give the egg to us. We will pay you some money, but only a small amount".
"They can't have it!" said Patrick. "If we can't have it, nobody can". Patrick was very angry. He buried the egg in the sand again and he still refuses to tell anyone where it is.
c) Read aloud the sentences with modal verbs and state their meaning.
d) Retell the text as Patrick. Add any additional information you can imagine. Remember to use modal verbs.
The modal verb may
Forms
|
present |
past |
future |
may |
may |
might |
will be allowed to … |
Meanings
можно? |
May I take your pen, please? |
|
возможно, может быть |
I may go to Italy. It might rain this afternoon. |
|
|
I’m going to Italy (for sure) I may go to Italy in July. |
|
|
You might have reminded me about it. |
|
Ex. 1 Translate the sentence and comment on the form and meaning of the modal verb may
1. I think, when I’m twenty-five, then I may get control of money. 2. You may get up now. 3. The telephone went on ringing. Anne said: ‘It might be Edmund. He might have missed his plane.’ 4. Supper passed off better than might have been expected. 5. His eyes were so close together that I honestly thought they might run into each other one day. 6. Well, don’t let’s look on the black side of things. She may get over it in a few weeks. 7. I wouldn’t dream of getting in yours of Anne’s way, whatever that may be. 8. I think she feels about you rather as she might about a daughter. 9. Oh please! You tell her! Tell her that you want me to stay. She might believe you. She never believes me. 10. Whatever her idea of fun might be she clearly wasn’t having it, and did not much enjoy seeing other people full of any kind of cheer.
Ex. 2 Choose between may and might
1. _____ I come in? (request) – Yes, you _____ (permission). 2. It’s unfair that he doesn’t know the truth. You _____ tell him everything. (reproach) 3. He _____ know about it himself (a suggestion) 4. He is waiting for you. You _____ put off your work for some time (reproach) 5. _____ we leave our things here? (a polite request) 6. He _____ not understand English. (a possibility) 7. You know he is ill. You _____ go and visit him. (reproach) 8. Where are you going to spend your vacation? – I don’t know yet. I ____ go to Spain. (possibility ) 9. After school he _____ go to University. (suggestion) 10. _____ I talk to him right now? The matter is urgent (a polite request)
Ex. 3 Paraphrase the following sentences using the verb may/might
1. Under the law you are allowed to make one photocopy for your personal use but you can’t make multiple copies. 2. This is possibly the reason why they have refused to join us. 3. Perhaps I will have to take her to hospital; it is possible she has broken her arm in the accident/ 4. It is possible he did not have her phone number. 5. When the World Cup was shown on TV, I was allowed to stay up late and watch it. 6. Perhaps your friend will help you, but I don’t believe it. 7. Maybe they did not know that the problem was so urgent. 8. Would you mind my smoking here? 9. Why didn’t you come? I needed your help badly. 10. Perhaps she has made a mistake, but I am not sure of it. she is a very punctual person.
Ex. 4 Fill in the blanks with may/might or can/could and make all necessary changes
1. You ____ (warn) me about it beforehand. 2. The weather is changing. It ____ (start) raining. 3. No, he _____ (not hear) your name. We tried to speak in a whisper. 4. He _____ (not hear) you name. That’s why he did not say anything. 5. She _____ (not notice) us. We were standing too far away. 6. She _____ (not notice) us though we were standing beside her. 7. _____ I use your name as a referee? 8. She _____ (not hear) the news, that’s why she looks as if nothing had happened. 9. She _____ (not hear) the news, nobody ___ tell her about it. 10. The professor says that I _____ (rewrite) the essay. 11. ______ I use your phone? 12. He _____ (help) them when they were in trouble. 13. _____ he (say) it? no, it’s not like him. He is a man of few words.
Ex. 5 Choose the right variant
I don’t like the way you study. I think you _____ harder!
a) might have worked b) might work c) could work d) could have worked
Let’s wait a little. He ______.
a)may have come b) could have come c) may come d) might have come
She _____ of the plan herself. Somebody has suggested it to her.
a) can’t have thought b) may not have thought c) can’t think d) may not think
They _____ our telegram, that’s why they did not meet us.
a) couldn’t have received b) can’t have received c) may not have received d) may not receive
She _____my letter! – Don’t be so angry with her. She ______ it by mistake.
a) may not read, may do b) cannot read, can do
c) might not have read, can’t have done d) can’t have read, might have done
He ______ it. I don’t believe you.
a) is not able to say b) might not say c) can’t have said d) might not have said
Ex. 6 Translate into English using the verb may
1. Может быть, ей и не нравился новый учитель, но она его нисколько не боялась. 2. Можете зайти к нам после семи, если хотите. 3. Ты могла бы по крайней мере посоветоваться с сестрой! 4. Может быть, на вас никто и внимания не обратит. 5. Оливер спросил, можно ли ему получить еще тарелку каши. 6. Больному стало лучше. Вы можете навестить его завтра. 7. Тебе можно быть посерьезнее. Ты уже почти взрослый. 8. Где же мой паспорт? – Возможно, ты забыл его дома. 9. Спроси их, можно ли нам тоже пойти с ними в поход. 10. Возможно, его не было на лекции. – Но он говорит, что он там был. 11. Она не была англичанкой, но ее можно было принять за нее. 12. Возможно, летом меня не будет в городе. 13. Он стоял довольно далеко от них и, возможно, не слышал их слов. 14. Как бы надолго ты ни уехал, я буду ждать тебя. 15. Ты мог бы купить мне эту книгу! Ты знал, что она мне очень нужна.
Read the text and do the exercises that follow it. A Purse Full of Pounds
Jack is on his way to the sports centre to meet some friends. He's feeling miserable because he hasn't got any money. It's his girlfriend's birthday next week. He may not be able to buy her a present and she could be very disappointed. She might even refuse to go out with him! He could ask a friend to lend him a few pounds, but he already owes money to all his friends.
When he arrives at the sports centre, he sees something pink near the entrance. It's a purse and it's full of money; Fifty pounds! Who could it belong to?
"A pink purse can't belong to a boy. It must belongJo a girl at the centre", Jack thinks.
Jack doesn't know what to do. He could pay his debts with the money and he could buy Debbie a present. There's no one in the street, but someone might be watching him.
Task:
a) Say the following sentences using may. Model: Perhaps the purse belongs to a girl at the centre. The purse may belong to a girl at the centre.
1. Perhaps the owner is looking for a purse. 2. Perhaps Jack knows the girl. 3. Perhaps someone will be watching Jack. 4. Perhaps he won't tell anyone about the purse. 5. Perhaps he won't try to find the owner. 6. Perhaps he will put the purse back where it was. 7. Perhaps he will find the owner. 8. Perhaps Jack will get a reward for finding the purse.
b) Retell the story as the story-teller, then as Jack.
c) What might you do if you found a purse full of money.
Must and its equivalents
A journey of a Thousand miles must begin with a single step
We haven’t got the money, So we have got to think.
Forms
|
present |
past |
future |
must have to be to |
must have/has to am/is/are to |
-------------- had to was/were to |
------------- will have to … ------ |
Meanings - MUST
|
It’s 10 o’clock, you must go. |
|
|
You must leave the room at once. |
|
|
You mustn’t speak while writing. |
|
|
She must be waiting for us. |
|
Meanings – HAVE TO
|
I have to get up at 6 every day. My working day begins at 8. приходится, вынужден |
|
Meanings – BE TO
|
We were to meet at the theatre at 9. |
|
|
You are not to get your feet wet. (не смей!) |
|
|
He went about thinking of his life and what was to become of him. |
|
Ex. 1 Comment on the meaning of the verb must. Translate the sentences into Russian
1. I suppose one must be serious sometimes. 2. It must be seven. 3. Harry, you are horrible! You mustn’t say these dreadful things. 4. Nothing must be done in a hurry. 5. You and I are friends, Basil, and we must always remain so. 6. I’ve always thought he must be quite clever in his way. 7. Surely it must have been O’ Murphy’s doing. 8. I must be getting sentimental. 9. But surely you agree with me that the other woman must have gone to the wrong flat. That is the only possible solution. 10. ‘I’m afraid I must be going, Basil,’ he murmured. 11. It was in that tone that he must have spoken to his children when they were tiresome. 12. She must have watched him hide the books in the garden and brought them back in. 13. You mustn’t say that, you mustn’t think that. 14. He looked sixty, but I knew he must be much less than that. 15. She must be found and brought back here at once. 16. Her life must have been very unhappy. 17. You must be in love. 18. ‘You mustn’t talk so much,’ the doctor said. 19. She must have been a very stupid woman, or else very inexperienced. 20. You must be telling another lie.
Ex. 2 Choose the correct variant
1. His German is very poor. He must (study/be studying/ have studied) very hard. 2. His German is very good, he must (study/ be studying/ have studied) very hard. 3. His German has considerably improved, he must (study/be studying/ have studied) hard during his holiday. 4. He must (study/ be studying/ have been studying) German these two years, his German is rather rich and fluent. 5. She must (have taken/ be taking/ have been taking) a bath at that moment that’s why she did not answer your call. 6. She must (be/ be being/ have been) at home now, we saw her leaving the office. 7. She must (be/ be being/ have been) at home, she can’t go away because there is no one to look after her sick mother. 8. You must always (think/ be thinking/ have thought) twice before you say anything. 9. Now he must (think/ be thinking/ have thought) of what she has said. 10. He knows they are coming. They must (write/ be writing/ have written) to him of their arrival in due time. 11. She must (play/ be playing/ have been playing) the piano now. 12. The foreigner must (understand/ understood/ have understood) me, for he nodded his head. 13. Where is Sara? I haven’t seen her for a long time. – she must (stay/ be staying/ have stayed) at her friends’. She wanted to spend July with them. 14. He must (get/ be getting/ have got) all he needed, otherwise he would have come again. 15. We must (meet/ have met/ have been meeting) somewhere before.
Ex. 3 Open the brackets and use the proper infinitive after the verb must.
1. Look! All people in the street are going with their umbrellas up. It must (rain). 2. He has changed his job. He must (follow) your advice. 3. He must (fall) ill. Otherwise he would have come to the party. 4. Where is Michael? He must (be) here by now. – He lives in the country. He must (miss) the train. 5. What a dreadful noise! What is the matter? – Our neignbors must (quarrel) again. 6. Nobody must (notice) that he was not used to speaking in public. 7. The criminal must (be) very careful. He did not leave any fingerprints. 8. We are late, I am afraid. Ann must (wait) for us. 9. He must (forget) that he promised to come. 10. They must (write) a composition for two hours. They must (be) tired. 11. You must (misunderstand) me, I did not want to hurt your feelings. 12. Nobody must (see) him enter. Everybody startled when he came in. 13. I hear someone’s steps outside. She must (go). 14. You may find him in the garden. He must (read). 15. It is impossible to change anything. One must (take) things as they are.
Ex. 4
Fill in the blanks with must/ had to/ will have to
1. Hurry up! We … be late. 2. As we were short of time I … decided what to do at once. 3. Tomorrow is my day off, so I … get up early. 4. You … take better care of the children. 5. If you don’t know how to use a new machine you … touch it. 6. One can’t keep this book long. I … to return it in a week. 7. As far as I knew nobody could cope with the task better than I, so I … go there myself. And I was right. 8. Mark says he will see Margaret off, so you … to do it. 9. It was Sunday yesterday, so I … go to work. 10. ‘You … stop at the red light’, the mother said to the child.
Ex. 5 Open the brackets and fill in the brackets with the appropriate forms of the verbs must/have to/to be to
1. You … (not tell) him about it. it’s a secret. 2. It looks like rain. You … (take) your raincoats. 3. You … (not talk) so loudly here. 4. In his youth he … (work) from morning till night to earn his living. 5. He … (wait) at the station till it stopped raining. 6. The secretary informed us when the manager … (come). 7. They … (leave) on Saturday, but because of the delay with their visas they … (book) tickets for Monday. 8. They … (not tell) him anything about it before they get further instructions. 9. He … (leave) for London that night. 10. … I (do) it all by myself? 11. It was too late to change their plans and they … (put up) with it. 12. You … (not prepare) all this work, I will help you. 13. Stay here till she is free. I think you … (not wait) long. 14. We … (conduct) a series of experiments this week. 15. Remember that we … (be) at this place not later than noon.
1. As his eyes are bad he … wear glasses. 2. They asked me questions and I … answer them. 3. Where … I meet him? – At the railway station. 4. I … see her. It’s important. 5. We … meet at five but I was late. 6. As he couldn’t join me I … go alone. 7. You … admit that you are wrong. 8. It’s an official party. Everyone … wear a tie. 9. The manager was busy, so we … wait for some time. 10. Who … do this part of the work? – Mark and Steve have agreed to do it. 11. How … I understand you? What do you expect from me? 12. I’m so worried. You definitely … let me know as soon as you know learn anything new. 13. It takes me long to get to work. I … spend an hour and a half every day. 14. ‘You … give up smoking,’ the doctor said to the patient. 15. … I discuss it with him? Do you expect me to?
Ex. 6 Paraphrase the following sentences using the verb must
1. They are in Greece. I am sure they are enjoying themselves. 2. She is an experienced teacher. I am certain she has been working at school for at least twenty years. 3. They have probably finished painting the house. 4. I feel sure she is at home. 5. Probably they have already crossed the frontier. 6. She is sure he is playing cards with his friends. 7. She is not very young, as she seems to be. I think she is nearly forty. 8. I think you have visited this place before. 9. He has to do a very urgent task. I feel sure he is working now. 10. He is so absent-minded. I am sure he left the letter unanswered. 11. You know he is a good tennis player. He is no doubt has won this match. 12. I shan’t bother you any longer; no doubt you feel tired of my talking after a tiring day. 13. It is clear that they are expecting somebody. 14. She was obviously upset by something; I never saw her so nervous. 15. The youth is probably reading something funny. He is smiling all the time.
Ex. 7 Translate into English
1. Я должен знать, что происходит. 2. Неужели ты действительно должен делать это за него? 3. Сколько дней ты должен там провести? 4. Тебе придется напомнить ему об этом разговоре. 5. Мы вынуждены были отложить отъезд. 6. Когда он был маленьким ему часто приходилось оставаться дома одному. 7. Я надеюсь, я не должен буду отвечать на его вопросы. 8. Боюсь, нам придется изменить планы. 9. Мы должны сделать для нее все, что мы можем. 10. Я должен был подумать прежде, чем ответить на его вопрос. 8. Боюсь, нам придется изменить планы. 9. Я должен был подумать прежде, чем ответить на его вопрос. 11. Если ты туда пойдешь, я должен буду сопровождать тебя. 12. Боюсь, я должна буду задержаться на работе до 8. 13. Должен сказать тебе, что ты неправа. 14. Должно быть, это необычное решение. 15. Почему ты должен был туда поехать?
1. Она, должно быть заболела. Иначе она была бы уже на работе. 2. По-видимому, это труднее, чем вы предполагали. 3. В окнах нет света. Должно быть, опять никого нет дома. 4. У вас очень много ошибок. Надо уделять больше внимания грамматике. 5. Этот вопрос надо решать немедленно. 6. Очевидно, они говорили обо мне. Когда я подошла они сразу замолчали. 7. Должно быть, она проводит там много времени. 8. Никого сюда не впускать! Понятно? 9. Детей надо учить плавать как можно раньше. 10. Она, наверное, все знала, но не хотела меня расстраивать.
Ex. 8 Translate into English using modal verb must and its equivalents.
1. Так как моя машина часто ломается, мне приходится ездить на автобусе. 2. Что мне делать с этой коробкой? – оставьте ее в коридоре. 3. Как ты мог об этом забыть? Ты всегда должен об этом помнить. 4. Тебе часто приходиться помогать детям делать домашнее задание? 5. Когда вы их ждете? – Они должны приехать во вторник. 6. Как мы договорились, Эллен должна была купить цветы и ждать нас на остановке. 7. Я должен связаться с ними? 8. Так как у нас было много багажа, нам пришлось звать носильщика. 9. Вы не должны критиковать детей в присутствии посторонних. 10. «Вы обязательно должны носить очки», - сказал врач пациенту. 11. И что я должен сказать, если он затронет этот вопрос? 12. Тебе придется остаться дома до тех пор, пока он не появиться. 13. Он заболел. Кто должен выполнять его обязанности? 14. Он не смог купить билеты в театр, и нам пришлось остаться дома. 15. Ты должен сказать нам правду.
1. Он, должно быть, слышал об этом. 2. Этот дом, должно быть, построен в начале столетия. 3. Вы не должны прекращать работу, пока вы ее не закончите. 4. У них, вероятно, сейчас урок. 5. Не огорчайся, он, должно быть, сделал это случайно. 6. Он, вероятно, сейчас спит. 7. Я ищу этот дом вот уже полчаса и нигде не могу его найти. Должно быть, она дала мне неправильный адрес. 8. Мне не пришлось делать этот чертеж. 9. Он, вероятно, не успел закончить работу к пятнице и был вынужден потратить на нее все выходные, т.к. ее нужно было закончить к понедельнику. 10. Она, должно быть, не полила сад. Земля очень сухая. 11. выбора не было, и им пришлось согласиться. 12. Она, должно быть, ждет нас дома. 13. Она должна ждать нас дома. 14. Ей, наверное, не сказали, что мы уже вернулись. 15. Ей пришлось извиниться, хотя это и было неприятно.
Read the text and do some deduction exercises.
Jeff wanted to take Ann to the disco on Saturday. She waited for him at home for an hour, but he didn't turn up and he didn't phone. Ann was angry, so she phoned Jake and asked him to take her to the disco. She knew that Jeff and Jake didn't like each other. Later that evening, Jeff saw Ann at the disco with Jake. Jeff felt angry, so he left immediately.
Jane: Something must have delayed Jeff. He could have phoned Ann to explain. He might have had an accident on the way to her house.
Nick: He must have forgotten about the disco.
Jane: No. He can't have forgotten about Ann.
Complete the sentences with must have or can't have + past participle.
Later, Jeff said that he had phoned Ann before the disco. Ann can't have heard (hear) the phone. 1. Why didn't she hear the phone? The television ... (be) too loud.
2. Because Ann didn't answer the phone, Jeff ... (think) that she had already gone out.
3. After the disco, Ann didn't look very happy. She ... (enjoy) the evening.
4. Jake looked miserable too. He ... (be) disappointed.
5. Jake didn't mention Jeff. Jake ... (know) that Ann had planned to go to the disco with him.
6. Jane didn't know the story about Ann and Jeff. Ann ... (tell) her.
7. A week after the evening at the disco, Ann got a letter from Jeff. In the letter Jeff ... (explain) what had happened and how he had felt. Ann understood.
8. Next Saturday, Ann and Jeff are going to the cinema together. They ... (solve) their problems.
b) Retell the story as Ann drawing your own deduction using must, may/might, can/could.
Modal verb need
Forms and meanings
meanings |
examples |
equivalents |
|
absence of necessity |
She needn’t get up early. |
do/doesn’t have to |
не нужно |
something that has been done was unnecessary |
The water is clean. You needn’t have boiled it. |
didn’t have to …. |
не надо было |
|
|
|
|
Ex.1 Comment on the meaning of the modal verb need. Translate the sentences into Russian
1. I was rather afraid that he might act as though we were intimate friends. But I need not have worried. 2. You needn’t be afraid of telling me everything. 3. If you don’t like the dress, you needn’t take it. 4. You needn’t have walked there. You could have taken a bus. 5. Need we continue working by this plan? 6. I needn’t bother about Margaret any more. 7. ‘I’ve got lots of time. I needn’t go home for hours,’ she said. 8. ‘You rest,’ she said. ‘I’ll certainly make the tea. You needn’t have asked me.’ 9. Everything is packed, except my shirts, so you needn’t trouble. 10. Our friendship needn’t stop, need it?
Ex.2 Open the brackets and give the correct form of the verb after need.
1. The vegetable garden needs (water). 2. The TV needs to be (fix). 3. They need (come) here at three o’clock. 4. The cottage needs to be (repair). 5. She needs (prepare) harder for her exams. 6. The lawn needs (cut). 7. You need (book) a ticket beforehand. 8. Granny needs to be (look after). 9. The walls need to be (paper). 10. I need (get) this book somewhere.
Ex.3 Choose the right variant
1. He says I (mustn’t/ needn’t) do it. He has already done it. 2. You (needn’t/ mustn’t) carry your driving license with you. 3. I can show my student’s card, and I (mustn’t/ needn’t) pay to get in. 4. I’ve hurt my knee and the doctor says I (mustn’t/ needn’t) play football for two weeks. 5. Copies (needn’t/ mustn’t) be done without permission. 6. He is a very discreet person, you (needn’t/ mustn’t) be afraid of telling him anything. 7. He (mustn’t/ needn’t) be said twice. 8. You (needn’t/ mustn’t) answer the question if you don’t want to. 9. It’s a non-smoking carriage. You (needn’t/ mustn’t) smoke here. 10. She (needn’t/ mustn’t) go to bed so late. Has she forgotten the doctor’s instructions?
Ex. 4 Open the brackets and fill in the blanks with either didn’t need (to) or needn’t have (done)
1. You ___ (go) into so many details. The report was too long. 2. She got up late because she was alone and she ___ (cook) breakfast for the whole family. 3. We ___ (hurry): she wasn’t ready yet. 4. He ___ (return) to the office so he took a taxi and went home. 5. I ___ (take) a bus because Martin gave me a lift. 6. We ___ (come) so early. Now we must wait. 7. She ___ (go) shopping so she went straight home. 8. You ___ (make) this remark. I am sure he felt hurt. 9. She was on holiday and she ___ (wake up) early. 10. He ___ (spend) so much money. Does he remember that he’s got three children?
Ex. 5 Translate into English using need
1. Зря ты сказала Майку об этом. 2. Его не надо об этом спрашивать. 3. Мне нужна ваша помощь. 4. Зря ты учил текст наизусть (by heart); учитель его не спрашивал. 5. Вечером температура упала, и он решил, что ему не нужно идти к врачу. 6. Разве ты не видишь, что ему надо подстричься? 7. Зря он отказался от приглашения. 8. Вы купили машину только год назад. Неужели ее надо красить? 9. Мне нужно наладить (fix) компьютер. 10. Джону не надо было ехать в Лондон, и он решил провести выходные в Брайтоне.
Ex.6 Fill in the blanks with must, need, to have to
1. I have this newspaper myself. You … bring yours to show me the article. 2. You … cross the road at the red light. We’ve got plenty of time. We … take a taxi. 4. If you want to stay in this country for a long time you … have a visa. 5. I … buy a new bag. They gave me a bag as a birthday present. 6. You … drive on the left in England. 7. … tell her the truth? – No, you …. It’s not necessary at all. 8. You … say such things in other people’s presence. 9. She … make any decisions. He decided everything for her. 10. The final day to pay the bill is tomorrow. So I … do it without delay. – No, you … . I’ve already paid the bill. I forgot to tell you. 11. He … ask his boss for a letter of recommendation. His boss offered to write one himself. 12. You … look for a present. I know what to give him. 13. You … shout at the children, otherwise we’ll have to dismiss you. 14. I have a nice house in the country. I … bother about how to spend a vacation. 15. You … make him change his mind. He … give up his studies. 16. I’d better ask them for help. – No, you … . we’ll manage to it ourselves. 17. You … believe him. He is a liar. Everybody knows it. 18. You … tell him what to do. He seems to know the job well. 19. He … apologize. It’s not his fault. 20. You … apologize. We aren’t angry with you at all.
Ex. 7 Translate into English using must, need, have to
1. Думаю, что вам не нужно ему звонить. 2. Ты должен отдохнуть. Нельзя продолжать работу, если ты устал. 3. Тебе не нужно покупать билеты. Я уже купила два билета. 4. Все же ты должен будешь заплатить за разбитое окно. 5. Нам можно не торопиться. У нас еще есть время. 6. Вам не нужно провожать его на станцию. Я сам его провожу. 7. Мне не пришлось его будить. Он сам проснулся. 8. Вы хотите, чтобы я пришла пораньше? – Нет, не нужно. 9. Ты считаешь, я должен быть ему благодарен? – Да. 10. Я действительно должна принимать все эти таблетки? – Нет, не нужно. 11. Вы больны. Я останусь до тех пор, пока не придет ваш муж. – Нет, не нужно. Я чувствую себя намного лучше. 12. Ей не нужно больше здесь оставаться, если она не хочет. 13. Не нужно обо мне беспокоиться. Подумайте о себе. 14. Ты не должен забывать о таких важных вещах впредь. 15. Не нужно об этом рассказывать, если вам не хочется.
