- •Английский язык для студентов экономических факультетов университетов
- •Авторский коллектив: г. И. Коротких, Гал. И. Коротких, н. Э. Бирман, о. А. Гизатулина, о. В. Калиш, н. В. Тунева
- •Предисловие
- •Методические рекомендации по изучению английского языка студентами-экономистами
- •1. Цели и задачи курса
- •2. Чтение как основное коммуникативное умение
- •3. Форма и смысл грамматической конструкции
- •It was supposed that he would write an article on
- •4. Единицы несоответствия в английском и русском языках
- •I wanted him to explain the term macroeconomics.
- •I saw him pay by credit card.
- •5. Методика работы над текстом
- •6. Британский или американский английский?
- •Text a The English We Learn
- •Грамматический обзор 1
- •Утверждения (statements)
- •Общие вопросы (general questions)
- •Специальные вопросы (special questions)
- •Грамматический обзор 2
- •2 ) Have has/ has got/ have/ have got Present Simple Tense
- •Примечания:
- •Expressing Agreement and Disagreement
- •Greetings and Introductions
- •Introductory Note
- •Text b
- •International words.
- •Varieties of English
- •Young Britons avoid learning languages
- •Culture and intercultural communication
- •British and American English
- •Independent reading:
- •Text a The Subject-matter of Economics
- •General questions (общие вопросы)
- •Short answers (краткие ответы)
- •Full answers (полные ответы)
- •Special questions (специальные вопросы)
- •Грамматический обзор 2
- •Likes and Dislikes
- •Preferences
- •Грамматический обзор 4
- •1. Working in pairs discuss the following questions under the headings I – III.
- •2. Give a talk in class on the topic “The Subject-matter of
- •I. Economics and Society
- •II. The subject-matter of economics
- •III. Economic systems
- •Text b University Life in Russia and in Great Britain
- •1) Facilities for studies at your university,
- •2) Subjects you consider to be the most important for
- •3) An ideal curriculum for a faculty of economics.
- •Project work 1
- •Project work 2
- •Independent reading
- •Colleges and University Colleges in the usa
- •A Student in Economics
- •Independent reading:
- •1. Study carefully the meanings of the following words and phrases in bold type from text a to avoid any difficulty in understanding.
- •Passive Voice
- •Ruined Holiday
- •Грамматический обзор 2
- •Grammar in context: Student profile
- •Text b global brands
- •Грамматический обзор 3 Read grammar guide 3 for practicing and developing study skills to cope with difficulties of reading English grammar textbooks.
- •Grammar in context Present simple and present continuous
- •Making Requests
- •Refusing a Request
- •Accepting a Request
- •Expressing Personal Opinions or Personal Points of View
- •Study Notes on Developing Reading Skills
- •1. Previewing.
- •2. Highlighting.
- •3. Annotating.
- •Independent reading
- •Consumerism as an unfortunate by-product of global market economy
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary notes
- •New terms from the last global recession
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Advertising
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Figures, numbers and calculations
- •1. Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers
- •1. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •2. Choose English equivalents from the box below
- •2. Calculations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)
- •3. Vulgar Fractions (AmE - Common Fractions)
- •4. Decimal Fractions (Decimals)
- •6. Sums of Money
- •Numerical, statistical or graphical data
- •In economics
- •Text a Statistics and Econometrics
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Text b Tabular and graphical data (Reading for vocabulary building)
- •T here are different types of diagrams:
- •Some advice on describing (orally or in writing) diagrams/charts/graphs
- •Independent reading
- •Introductory Note
- •Economy of the United States (Reading for statistical and numerical data)
- •Table of numerical data (the first has been filled in for you)
- •Phrase bank
- •Travelling to Work in Britain (Presenting a survey results)
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Independent reading:
- •Text a Central Banks and Monetary Policy
- •The Infinitive
- •Функции инфинитива:
- •Grammar in context Gerund or infinitive?
- •Text b Bank Accounts and Cheques
- •Study Notes on Summary Writing
- •Credit cards
- •Vocabular notes
- •Checklist for writing a summary (based on the article Credit Cards)
- •Independent reading
- •Introduction
- •A General History of Money
- •1. Barter exchange and commodity money
- •2. Coins and Paper Money
- •3. Fiat Money
- •4. Fiat Money – Toilet Paper Money
- •Money and Banking (a short historical survey)
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Changing the way the pound is measured.
- •Independent reading
- •Text a Company Share Capital
- •Word formation and vocabulary building practice
- •1. Synthetical forms
- •2. The Past Perfect Subjunctive (эта форма омонимична The Past Perfect Tense)
- •3. Analytical forms
- •Grammar in context 1 First and second conditional
- •Grammar in context 2 The third conditional
- •I will return your book on economics I have read it.
- •1. In what way is ownership in a company certified? What do you call people who own shares and stocks?
- •Reading for professional vocabulary text b
- •Text b Business Organizations and Stock Markets
- •Translate into English making use if prompts in the box Рынки сырьевых товаров
- •Asian Crisis Affects Latin American Markets
- •Independent reading
- •Nouriel Roubini: The Economist Who Foresaw the Global Financial Crisis
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Introduction
- •1. Market instability
- •3. The housing market declined
- •4. The credit well dried up
- •5. The Economic bailout is designed to increase the flow of credit
- •Taxation
- •Vocabulary notes
- •1. Статистика по переводам (xtr, сп и pe) :
- •Contents
Grammar in context 1 First and second conditional
Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate conditional form, using the information given. The first has been done for you.
1. You have a £500 overdraft and have just received a letter from the bank asking you to reduce this by £200 by the end of the month, or they will start legal proceedings against you.
If you do not reduce (not reduce) your overdraft, the bank will start (start) legal proceedings.
2. One of your clients has written to you applying for a personal loan. However, she has not included enough information about her financial situation for you to decide whether or not to approve the loan.
If you_________(have) more complete information, you______________(be able to) make a decision.
3. You have just received a selection of press articles about your bank. Two of them are in German. Unfortunately Jack Wubben, who is the only person in the office who speaks German, is on holiday.
If Jack Wubben___________(be) here, he________________(translate) the articles.
4. For the second year running, the results of your bank have been very disappointing.
If the situation________________(not improve) significantly next year, the bank______________ (have to) consider closing some of its branches.
5. One of your major business clients has just hinted that it may change banks unless you arrange more favourable credit terms.
If you_________________ (not provide) them with cheaper credit, you___________ (lose) one of your best customers.
6. A bank representative has just refused your request for a £2,000 loan because you do not have enough money in your savings account.
If you___________ (have) more money in your account, the bank________________ (lend) you the £2,000.
7. Your bank manager has just told you that she can only lend you £5,000 to enable you to buy a new car. The car you want costs £11,000 and you only have £4,000 of your own money available.
If you_________________(not find) the remaining £2,000, you_________________(not be able to) buy it.
Условные предложения 3 типа (the Third Conditional) описывают нереальные условия, относящиеся к прошлому, т. е. такую ситуацию, которую уже нельзя изменить.
If we had had a large investment capital last year, we would have moved business to a new country. |
Если бы у нас были большие средства для капиталовложения, мы бы перевели свой бизнес в другую страну. (Но у нас не было средств, и мы этого не сделали.) |
If you had worked hard last year, you would have known English well. (But you didn’t work hard last year, that is why you have a very poor knowledge of English.) |
Если бы Вы работали упорно в прошлом году, Вы бы знали английский хорошо. (Но Вы не работали в прошлом году, поэтому Вы плохо знаете английский.) |
If I had been you, I would have put the money in the bank. (You didn’t follow me advice, you didn’t put the money in the bank.)
|
Если бы я был на Вашем месте, я положил бы деньги в банк. (Вы не последовали моему совету, не положили деньги в банк.) |
Формула условного предложения 3 типа выглядит следующим образом:
+
have + V3
If + subject + Past Perfect Tense ...
|
would could might |
|