Word formation and vocabulary building practice

Exercise 4. Complete the following chart by adding prefixes to the words in B and translate them into Russian in C. Choose from the list of prefixes suggesting the idea of something negative or opposite: NON-, IL-, UN-, DIS-.

A	B	C
payment	nonpayment
limited
profit
legitimate
quoted
investment
available
approve

Exercise 5. Make up words with the help of “derivational trees”. Point out classes to which they belong (N, V, Adj, Adv). Translate into Russian in writing the following sentences containing parts of the “derivational trees”. Consult the list of the Russian equivalents of the underlined words.

profit	speculate
-able -ability -eer -ly -ing	-or -tion -ative -ly

1. I profited by your advice and help.

2. She has certainly profited from spending a year at college.

3. The company hopes to return to profitability this year.

4. It’s a very profitable business.

5. The police have caught a few black market profiteers.

6. He was arrested for profiteering.

7. We sold our house at a profit.

8. I made a handsome profit from the sale of my car.

9. We don’t know all the circumstances, so it would be pointless

to speculate on what happened.

10. He’d been speculating in shares and lost a lot of money.

11. His remarks have led to intensive speculation about the

possibility of tax cuts.

12. Speculation on the Exchange is a regular practice.

13. There’s some speculation that the President already knew about the

scandal.

14. Property speculators usually make a lot of money.

15. I can’t tell you exactly what happened. What I am telling you is

a speculative guess.

воспользоваться, рентабельность, прибыльный, спекулянт, пойти на пользу, выгодный, спекулирование, спекуляция, прибыль, доход, спекулировать, польза, выгода, получать прибыль;

размышлять, гипотеза, размышление, раздумывать, обдумывание, догадка, гипотетическое допущение, предположение.

Exercise 6. Match the following words in (A) with the words in (B). Give Russian equivalents of the resulting word combinations. Consult TEXT A if necessary.

A	B
1) private 2) ordinary 3) to sell 4) unpaid 5) accounting 6) clear 7) to sign 8) illegal 9) legitimate 10) to deposit 11) to receive 12) to trade	1) at/on the Stock Exchange 2) distinction 3) activities 4) securities 5) ownership 6) shares 7) bills 8) period 9) contracts 10) accounts 11) money 12) a dividend

Exercise 7. Complete the following sentences joining the suitable part.

1. In the USA ‘stocks’ has the same meaning as ________ in the UK.

a) shares

b) securities

c) bonds

2. Describing ______________ dictionaries name stocks and shares, bills of exchange, life assurance policies.

a) investment

b) dividend

c) securities

3. A financial market is any mechanism for trading financial __________ or claims.

a) funds

b) assets

c) obligations

4. These days there is frequently no physical market place – __________ are conducted by telephone or over the computer.

a) purchases

b) transactions

c) contracts

5. Financial markets promote ______________________ by providing mechanisms by which Investors and Borrowers can contact each other.

a) savings and investment

b) capital

c) assets

6. Market opinion of the company is reflected in the price of the shares if they are _________ on a stock exchange.

a) sold

b) bought

c) quoted

7. The company may convert some of its accumulated ________ into extra shares which are issued to members at no charge.

a) money

b) reserves

c) bonds

8. The amount of funds the business needs to finance working capital is reduced by the current _________________ of the company.

a) policy

b) liabilities

c) investments

9. There is no ______________ in ordinary shareholders’ investment.

a) security

b) safety

c) hope

10. The dividend paid will depend upon the level of _________________ and the company’s dividend policy.

a) profit

b) losses

c) inflation

Грамматический обзор 1

В предложении «In the United States, it is necessary that accounts be settled (should be settled) within five days» формы be settled и should be settled являются формами сослагательного наклонения (The Subjunctive Mood). Обычно они употребляются после глаголов или безличных выражений типа “it is necessary/it is recommended, etc” для передачи гипотетической ситуации, т. е. того, что предлагается, рекомендуется, что требуется, на чем настаивают. (В примере выше это глагол require – требовать/требоваться: «Для успешного планирования стратегии маркетинга требуется, чтобы…»)

Можно говорить о трех типах употребления форм сослагательного наклонения в предложениях различной структуры: