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Содержание

MODULE I 2

LESSON ONE 2

Text A. The Aims of Education 8

Text B. The Art of Writing 10

LESSON TWO 29

Text A. Is Love an Art? 37

Text B. On the Meaning of Life 40

LESSON THREE 65

Text. People Aren’t Born Prejudiced 71

MODULE II 95

LESSON ONE 96

Text A. Management of Organizations 99

LESSON TWO 121

Text A . Business Structure Basics 125

LESSON THREE 147

Text A: Leadership Styles 149

Text B: Theories of Motivation 152

APPENDIX 181

Module I lesson one

Text A: The Aims of Education

Text B: The Art of Writing

Grammar: Tense forms: active and passive

Phonetics:

1. Peculiarities of stress in English.

2. Gradually descending scale

Phonetic exercises

Task 1. Transcribe and practice the pronunciation of the following words:

Succeed; symptom; afford; argument; chaos; exertion; intense; rigorous; genuine; blithely; bowl; subtlety; ingratiate; verbose; deceitful; lively; percent; steadfastly; voluminous; thoroughly;; comment; meager; verbose; dawdle; exquisite.

Task 2. Mind the stress and practice pronunciation.

Cont´ribute - contri´bution;

Pre´fer - ´preference;

ig´nore - ´ignorance;

ex´pose - expo´sition;

e´valuate - evalu´ation;

com´pete - ´competent;

te´nacity - te´naciously;

in´fer – inferiority

'Volume vo'luminous 'voluble

De'ceive de'ceitful 'decent

In'quire in'quisitive in'quiry

A'live 'lively 'live

ֽPrepo'sition ֽpropo'sition pro'portion

'Lose 'loose 'loosen

Te'nacity te'naciously 'tenable

'Execute ֽexe'cution ex'ecutive

'Sense ֽsensi'tivity ֽsensu'ality

In'ferior inֽferi'ority in'fer

'Verb ver'bose 'verbalize

Sponta'neity spon'taneous spon'taneously

Task 3. Observing the stresses and tunes read and paragraph from the texts A and B.

Task 4. Exchange the paragraphs and do all the work again. Help each other to improve.

Task 5. Present model reading of one of the paragraphs you have worked at in a larger group (4-6) taking turns to succeed each other in the form of a competition. Analyse the merits of the winner and improve your own reading accordingly.

Word building exercises

Task 1. Underline the suffixes and state the part of speech.

Deceitful; conclusion; thoroughly; creative; entertainment; enormous; sensitivity; pressure; different; integrity; intense; exertion; responsibility; friendly; cooperative; educational; sufficient; ourselves; alliteration.

Task 2. Form antonyms of the following words by using negative prefixes or the suffix-less.

Please; differentiated; discriminately; fortunately; tour; able; natural; happy; faithful; known; related; troubled; mature; variably; consciously.

Target patterns

1. a) Such criticism, when well-founded and constructive, is in no way demeaning for the willingness to accept it and learn from it is one mark of a mature individual. - Та критика, которая хорошо обоснована и конструктивна, никоим образом не унизительна, поскольку желание признать ее и извлечь из этого урок – признак зрелой личности. b) A democracy, however, cannot afford to transform its educational system into a Causus-race, for the success of a democracy depends in great part upon the understanding and capability of its citizens. - В демократическом обществе нельзя позволить себе превращать систему образования в объект предвыборной гонки, поскольку успех демократии в большей степени зависит от самосознания и способностей его граждан.

2. Never have so many spent so long learning so little. - Никогда не было столь много затрат на то, чтобы выучить так мало.

3. It is painful to have one’s ignorance exposed and frustrating to be baffled by intellectual subtleties. - Всегда болезненно воспринимается интеллектуальное невежество и бывает унизительно, когда вас загоняют в тупик.

4. a) And that he means well is no reason why he should not be criticized for an inadequate performance. - И даже если он понимает все правильно, почему его не следует критиковать за плохое выполнение. b) But in both cases the joy is a result of overcoming genuine chellengers and cannot be experienced without toil. - И в обоих случаях радость является результатом преодоления настоящих трудностей, и не может быть достигнута без тяжелого труда.

5. The urge to tell the world the truth is more widespread than the urge to lay bare one’s pain over having been jilted by Amanda Simpkins of Fleet Street. Потребность сказать миру правду возникает чаще, чем потребность высказать наболевшее по поводу обмана, совершенного Амандой Симпкинс с Флит стрит.

6. a) When moved to explain, they sometimes tell you that you can become a good writer very simply. Когда их заставляют объяснить, они иногда говорят, что можно очень просто стать хорошим писателем. b) By taking himself seriously, this blighted half genius became the nightmare of editors. Относясь к себе серьезно, этот разочарованный полугений стал кошмаром для издателей.
7. a) Had O’Henry been allowed to publish his stories in the form he wrote them, he would have been the laughing-stock of the world. Если бы О’Генри разрешали публиковать рассказы в том виде, в котором он их писал, он бы стал посмешищем для всего мира. b) If I could, I’d make you buy several thousand sheets to fit into loose-leaf notebook covers. Если бы я мог, я бы заставил вас купить несколько тысяч листов бумаги, чтобы вставить их в блокнот с отрывными листами.
8. a) The best writers (whom I define as the upper ten percent of the entire group) spontaneously produce from three to twenty times as much as the average writers. Лучшие авторы (как я считаю это 10 процентов от всего количества писателей) с легкостью пишут от 3 до 20 раз больше, чем авторы средних способностей. b) The best writers are almost wholly wrapped up in saying what they have to say Лучшие писатели очень озабочены тем, какими словами им выразить то, что необходимо сказать. c) Having little or no pressure driving them to give form to a large idea, they slow down. Не испытывая или редко испытывая потребность придать форму большой идее, они замедляют темп.

Ex.1. Translate the sentences from English into Russian, using the patterns above.

1. The teacher ought to have been told about making arrangements in advance.

2. Only when they had criticized her report did she start working hard.

3. He didn’t yield to their demand, for they had to provide more arguments.

4. Why shouldn’t they be provided with additional translation?

5. She can’t make an arrangement with you now, for she has had her report translated.

6. No sooner had we turned in our papers than he asked us to evaluate the thesis.

7. Yesterday she got her review heavily criticized.

8. Did you have your laboratory report checked yesterday?

9. Such a mature individual was he that he was offered carrying out an experiment.

10. He used to like having his students prepared when he taught at the university.

11. They can’t be given such a task for they must be taught how to do it beforehand.

12. Hardly ever had they performed the work when the professor suggested to arrange a discussion.

13. When coffee was ready, he reminded Ann of having promised to play to him.

14. I am displeased with having been kept waiting.

15. They become engrossed in describing every detail and forget about what they have to say.

16. Maggie soon got out of breath with running.

17. By traveling slowly we managed to reach the place of destination in safety.

18. After talking to the faculty the dean left to get to the meeting the students had called.

19. There was no danger of having been misunderstood.

20. Our work is devoted to testing out a new management structure and arouses great interest among the representatives of business circles.

21. I invited him to my room, but he made an excuse for going home.

22. If you are fully involved in your literary pursuits from morning till night.

23. You are happy with getting any chance to relax.

24. Finding him so friendly I asked him for a piece of advice.

25. Seeing clearly that it would be useless to debate the gentlemen left.

26. Hearing this he determined to start writing the essay afresh because he wanted his work to be well graded.

27. When traveling we learn a lot about other nationalities and get rid of many false prejudices.

28. When dressed, I sat a long time by the window, looking out over the fields.

29. The atmosphere in the room was completely unbearable, nobody spoke unless spoken to.

30. Had we known it was so dark we should have stayed on the path?

31. Should the patient show any signs of improvement please inform us about it?

32. She’d never have made the money that paid for your education hadn’t I given her a well-paid job.

33. Had I realised they were all actors in a film, I wouldn’t have ever believed them.

34. Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago but it is still in great demand.

35. The parents used to blame John for spending 10 times as much money as any of his friends.

36. The newly-married couple planned to have a house that would be 3 times as big as that of their parents’.