5. Предлог (the preposition)

Предлогами называются служебные слова, которые выражают отнощения слов в предложении. Наряду с порядком слов они явля­ются одним из основных способов выражения падежных отноше­ний в английском языке.

Предлоги в английском языке подразделяются на предлоги мес­та, направления и времени.

Предлоги места

on - на on the desk, on the wall

in - в, на in the room, in the street

at - у, в, на at the window, at the meeting

near - около near the door, near the wall

over - над over the table, over the sofa

under - под under the table, under the bed

between - между between two chairs, between the doors

among - среди among the students, among them

behind - за behind the house, behind the tree

across - вдоль, через across the street, across the river

in front of- перед in front of the house, in front of the column

through - через, сквозь through the window, through the glass

Предлоги направления

to - к, на, в to the library, to the South

towards - в направлении, к towards the forest, towards the house

from - от, из from the table, from the North

into - в (внутрь) into the room, into the box

out of - из (изнутри) out of the house, out of the drawer

off- с (со), от off the table, off the wall

Предлоги времени

on - в on Sunday, on the tenth of February

in - в, через in two days, in September

at - в, у at 7 o'clock, at noon

by - к by 3 o'clock, by noon

from ... till - от (с) ... до from early morning till late at night

since - с since 5 o'clock, since midnight

for - в течение for an hour, for ages

during - во время during the lecture, during the break

before - до (перед) before the bell, before winter

after - после after break, after classes

till (until) - до till May, till the end of the year

between - между between one and two o'clock

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

I. Переведите следующие предложения сначала на рус­ский язык, а затем снова на английский, уделяя внимание упот­реблению предлогов,

1. Не went to Moscow. They will go to the South in a week. She goes to work by bus.

2. They stayed at home in the evening. I stayed at the entrance of the theatre. He stayed at the hotel.

3.I was born on the first of May.

4. Our lessons begin at six o'clock in the evening.

5. The child fell on the floor and began crying.

6. He took the picture off the wall.

7. He looked through the window.

8. She traveled by train (bus, plane).

9. We went for a walk.

10. He worked at the .post office.

11. We turned round the corner.

12. Would you like to sit in front ?

13. She walked along the street.

14. The bus stopped and we got off.

15. He traveled about many countries of the world.

II. Fill in the prepositions where necessary.

1. I haven't seen her ... Monday.

2. Photographs are fine because Peter took them ... an expensive camera.

3. We usually go ... a trip on our vacation.

4. Don't translate the text word . . . word.

5. Busy has been very busy . . . this week.

6. He arrived . . . our town right after finishing your school.

7. She told her mother she would be back ... an hour and a half.

8. ... the circumstances it was impossible to do anything about it.

9. Are you going to listen . . . music?

10. She was born . . . March 1st, 1990.

11. My brother is good . . . sports. 12.1 am very proud ... my friend.