Unit 16. The Lancaster Branch. Henry IV

Henry Bolingbroke began to reign as King Henry IV when Richard abdicated in 1399. He got his surname from the castle in which he was born. Henry IV was a grandson of Edward III, and he also used his descent to justify his usurpation of the throne. Henry started his reign with imprisoning the real heir to the throne, his 8-year-old cousin Edmund Mortimer, who came from the second son of Edward III. During the first five years of his reign, Henry was attacked by a great number of domestic and foreign enemies. He discovered a plot of Richard's supporters in January 1400. Eight months later the Welsh landowner Owen Glendower raised a rebellion against oppressive English rule in Wales. Henry led many fruitless expeditions into Wales from 1400 to 1405, but his son, Prince Henry, was more successful in reasserting royal control over the region. Glendower continued his resistance to Henry's rule by allying with the powerful Percy family-Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland, and his son Sir Henry Percy, called Hotspur. Northumberland had helped the king to take the throne and didn`t get any gratitude for it. He declared the king to be his enemy and when the chance rose, organized a rebellion. Hotspur's brief uprising, the most serious challenge faced by Henry during his reign, ended when the King's forces killed the rebel in battle near Shrewsbury, in July 1403. In 1405 Henry had Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, and Richard Scrope, archbishop of York, executed for conspiring with Northumberland to raise another rebellion. Although the worst of Henry's political troubles were over, he then began to suffer from a disease that his contemporaries believed to be leprosy. Throughout these years the king had to combat border incursions by the Scots and ward off conflict with the French, who aided the Welsh rebels in 1405-06.To finance these military activities, Henry was forced to rely on parliamentary grants. From 1401 to 1406 Parliament repeatedly accused him of money mismanagement and gradually acquired certain precedent-setting powers over royal expenditures and appointments. As Henry's health got worse, a power struggle developed within his administration between his favorite, Thomas Arundel, archbishop of Canterbury, and a faction headed by his son Prince Henry. Henry IV died in 1412 and the Prince succeeded as King Henry V. The House of Lancaster had rivals in the house of York. They came from the children of Edward III. In 1455 the so-called the Wars of Roses began (1455-1485). The emblem of the House of Lancaster was a red rose, and of the House of York - a white rose.

Read the text, translate it into Russian.

Memorize the words, answer the questions:

descent - происхождение
expenditures - траты	Where did Henry IV get his surname?
аppointment - назначение	How did he spend the first years of his reign?
domestic – домашний, внутренний	Who was the leader of the rebellion in Wales?
conspire – устраивать заговор	What did Parliament accuse the king of?
rival - соперник	Whom did the king quarrel with at the end of his life?
faction - фракция	Whom did the House of Lancaster originate from?