Past simple

?				+	-
What When Where Why How How much How many Which	did	I you we they he she it	play?	I We You played They went He She It	I We You They did not play/ go He She It

TASK 4. Fill in the gaps in the text below and translate from English into Russian.

A.S. Popov (1859-1906) … (be) in 1895 a lecturer in physics. He … (set up) a receiver in 1895, and … (read) a paper about it at the Meeting of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society on April 25 (May 7, New Style) 1895. He … (demonstrate) the world's first radio receiver, which he … (call) “an apparatus for the detection and registration of electric oscillations”. By means of this equipment, Popov … (can) register electrical disturbances, including atmospheric ones. In March 1896 he … (give) a further demonstration before the same society. At that meeting the words “Heinrich Hertz” … (transmit) by wireless telegraphy in Morse code and similarly received before a distinguished scientific audience, Popov … (become) the inventor of the radio, May,7 being celebrated each year as "Radio Day" in Russia.

Marconi … (invent) a system of highly successful wireless telegraphy, and … (inspire) and … (supervise) its application. Such is the story of the many inventors of wireless telegraphy, working with each other's equipment, adding new ideas and new improvements to them. It … (be) a patient, persistent inquiry into natural laws and it was animated by the love of knowledge.

TASK 5. Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the past. Listen to the recording and check your answers.

THOMAS EDISON

The American inventor Thomas Edison … (live) and … (work) in the United States all his life. He … (be) the most productive inventor ever. During his lifetime, he … (patent) 1093 different inventions, including the incandescent electric lamp (similar to the ordinary light bulb we know today), the motion-picture projector, and the phonograph. He also … (set up) the first industrial research laboratory. Edison … (have) a slow start in life. He … (be) expelled from school because people … (not realize) that he … (be) deaf, thinking instead that he … (be) unable to learn. His mother … (teach) him at home, where he had built his our laboratory by the time he … (be) 10 years old.

TASK 6. Read the text below and translate it.

LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION IN ELECTRONICS

The most advancing technology of the present industrial age is that of electronics. The introduction of the transistor in its day seemed a marvel of compactness compared with the glass vacuum tube. Now the size of electronic devices has been reduced by 10 every five years which has led to a great compression. When the term microelectronics first came into use, a chip of silicon a tenth of a square inch might hold 10 to 20 transistors, together with a few diodes, capacitors and resistors. Now such chips can contain thousands of separate electronic components.

Until the appearance of the transistor each type of component in an electronic circuit was made from one or more materials with the required electrical characteristics. For example, carbon was used for resistors, ceramics and a dielectric for capacitors, tungsten for the emitters in vacuum tubes and so on. These components were then used like building blocks in creating a circuit with specified characteristics and responses. Circuits were combined into systems, such as a radio transmitter, a radio receiver, a radar set or a computer.

From the earliest days electronics has been a technology of complex interconnections. A small radar set can easily have as many interconnections as an oil refinery. To simplify a system design and reduce the number of interconnections engineers developed a series of standard circuit modules. Each module performed a specific function and was used as a logical building block for creating the systems. The tran­sistor could readily be assembled with resistors and capacitors of about the same size on a small plastic board. These modular circuit boards of the size of a playing card could then be plugged together as needed.

As transistor technology developed it was important to decrease the size of components and the length of interconnections. This limitation and the complexity of system design made the search for a new technology imperative. The technology that resulted was microelectronics embodied in the integrated circuit. It made possible to produce (as a part of a single chip of silicon) transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors joining them into a complete circuit. The technology that produces such high-density electronic circuits is called large-scale integration, or LSI. Although the term has no precise definition, it is usually reserved for integrated circuits that comprise 100 or more "gates", or individual circuit functions, with a density "of 50,000 to 100,000 components per square inch. If the upper value could be achieved throughout a cubic inch of material, the density of, electronic components would be about a fourth of the density of nerve cells in the human brain. It now seems inevitable that microelectronic circuits, including LSI, will soon find their way into a variety of new applications which will have great impact on industry and everyday life.

TASK 7. Answer the following questions and retell the text.

1. How is the technology producing high-density electronic called? 2. What caused the miniaturization problem? 3. What does the term “gate” mean? 4. What seemed to be a marvel of compactness? 5. What materials were used for different components in a circuit? 6. What were those circuits used for? 7. What was done to simplify a system design? 8. Why was it important to reduce the size of components?

TASK 8. Fill in the gaps with prepositions: of, to, in, by, with.

Without understanding the inquiries … pure science, we cannot follow the story … radio. It begins perhaps … Joseph Henry, an American physicist, who discovered … 1842 that electrical discharges were oscillating. A gigantic step forward was taken … James Maxwell, a Scottish physicist and one … the great mathematical geniuses … the 19-th century. By purely mathematical reasoning, Maxwell showed that all electrical and magnetic phenomena could be reduced … stresses and motions … a medium, which he called the ether. Today we know that this “electrical medium” does not exist … reality. Yet the concept … an ether helped greatly, and allowed Maxwell to put forward his theory that the velocity … electric waves … air should be equal to that … the velocity … light waves, both being the same kind … waves, merely differing … wave length.

TASK 9. Use suffixes and prefixes to change the form of the words in brackets.

In 1878, David Hughes; an American … (physics), made another important … (discover) in the pre-history of radio and its essential components. He found that a loose contact in a circuit containing a battery and telephone … (receive) (invented by Bell in 1876) would give rise to sounds in the receiver which corresponded to those that had impinged upon the diaphragm of the mouthpiece.

In 1883, George Fitzgerald, an Irish … (physics), suggested a method by which … (electromagnet) waves might be produced by the discharge of a condenser. Next we must turn to Heinrich Hertz, the famous German … (physics), who was the first to create, detect and measure those waves, and thereby … (experimental) confirmed Maxwell's theory of “ether” waves. In his experiments he showed that these waves were capable of … (reflect), … (refract), … (polarize), … (diffract) and … (interfere).

During the first years of its … (develop), radio … (communicate) was called “… (wire) telegraphy and telephone”. This name was too long for convenience and was later changed to “radio” which comes from the well-known Latin word “radius” — a straight line drawn from the centre of a circle to a point on its circumference. Wireless … (transmit) was named radio … (transmit), or simply “radio”.

The term “radio” now means the … (radiate) of waves by transmitting stations, their … (propagate) through space, and reception by receiving stations. The radio technique has become … (close) associated with many other branches of science and … (engineer) and it is now difficult to limit the word “radio” to any simple definition.

UNIT 6

Task 1. Study new words and word combinations.

1	vacuum valve	['vækjuːm]	вакуумная лампа
2	perform a function	['fʌŋkʃ(ə)n]	выполнять функцию
3	indispensable	[ˌɪndɪ'spen(t)səbl]	важный, необходимый
4	radar	['reɪdɑː]	радар
5	equipment	[ɪ'kwɪpmənt]	оборудование
6	drawback	['drɔːbæk]	недостаток
7	waste	[weɪst]	тратить впустую
8	heat	[hiːt]	нагрев, нагревать
9	require	[rɪ'kwaɪə]	требовать
10	amplification	[ˌæmplɪfɪ'keɪʃn]	усиление
11	dimension	[daɪ'menʃn]	размер
12	radiant	['reɪdɪənt]	излучающий
13	sensitive to	['sensɪtɪv]	чувствительный к
14	admixture	[əd'mɪksʧə]	примесь
15	particle	['pɑːtɪkl]	частица
16	pressure	['preʃə]	давление
17	junction	['ʤʌŋkʃən]	соединение, переход
18	emitter	[i'mitər]	эмиттер, излучатель
19	power amplifier		усилитель мощности
20	dopant	['dəupənt]	легирующая примесь
21	obtain	[əb'teɪn]	получать, приобретать

TASK 2. Read the text below and translate it.

TRANSISTORS

Before the invention of transistors electronic (vacuum) valves were used to perform these functions. Electronic valves are wonderful devices. Besides their indispensable use in radio and television sets, they do many other jobs. They are used in radar and motion-picture equipment. They are basic elements in “electronic brains”. But electronic valves have several drawbacks. They waste a good deal of electricity. One of the elements in a vacuum valve must be heated so that it will give off electrons. This heating requires electricity and produces unwanted heat that needs special cooling equipment to get rid of this heat.

The transistor is a semiconductor device for the amplification of electric signals. The application of transistors instead of electronic valves made it possible to design compact, small-dimension electronic devices, which consume very little power. The transistors are successfully used for direct transformation of heat energy into electrical energy by means of thermal elements. They are widely used to transform radiant energy into electricity with the help of photocells, or so-called solar batteries. Light sources and lasers are also built on the basis of transistors.

Transistors are extremely sensitive to external influences. Even thousandths of one per cent of admixtures change their electrical conductive properties by hundreds of thousands of times. They are very sensitive to the action of light, nuclear particles, pressure, etc.

Transistors are made of small germanium crystals. Germanium is an element crystalline in form. Germanium crystal used in a typical transistor may be much less than 1/8 inch square and less than 1/32 inch thick. There are different types of transistors in use, and still more are being developed. A very fine technology has been developed for obtaining transistors with pre-set physical properties by introducing into them admixtures of gold, copper, nickel, zinc. The transistor of great importance at present is the junction-type triode. This transistor contains three distinct regions of semiconductor, each having ohmic lead. One of the junctions is called the emitter, the other one — the collector. This transistor is a power amplifier.

Transistors nowadays are made of silicon too. Silicon is neither a good conductor nor a good insulator – that's why it, and other solids such as germanium, are known as semiconductors. As a semiconductor, silicon is very sensitive to impurities — these are called dopants. If you add as little as 0.0001% of a dopant to silicon, you can increase conductivity by 1000 times. The transistor consists of two types of silicon. One type has been doped with boron which gives it a positive charge – this is termed p-type silicon. The other type has been doped with phosphorus which gives it a negative charge -this is known as n-type silicon. By doping a silicon crystal with p and n type dopants a p-n junction is formed.

Transistors revolutionized radio engineering and electronics. Because of their small size, the absence of incandescence and other properties, transistors make it possible to produce devices which cannot be made with vacuum tubes.

TASK 3. Answer the following questions and retell the text.

1. What is the most common element on this planet? 2. Why is it important to use silicon? 3. Why is polythene used for insulation? 4. Is silicon an insulator or a conductor? 5. How are impurities called? 6. What can you do by doping impurities to a semiconductor? 7. What types of semiconductors can be formed by doping impurities? 8. What is a p-n junction?

TASK 4. Choose the correct answer according to the text.

1. According to the text, what is the best element for transistor production?

1. oxygen

2. silicon

3. copper

2. According to the text, polythene is resistant to electricity and it is used for

1. insulating.

2. making electric cable.

3. regulating the current flow.

3. Which of these materials is not the material of very low resistance?

1. germanium

2. copper

3. iron

4. Which of these characteristics is not common for silicon?

1. It is solid.

2. If has the ability to conduct electricity.

3. If is often used as an insulator.

5. “dopants” are

1. elements, which are resistant to electricity.

2. impurities, to which silicon is very sensitive.

3. the most common elements on the Earth.

TASK 5. Find the words opposite in meaning.

Solid, bottom, right, liquid, insulator, top, increase, positive, drop, high, left, little, conductor, negative, much, low.

TASK 6. Translate the words, pay attention to the suffixes.

1. resist, resistance, resistant

2. insulate, insulation, insulator, insulated, insulating

3. conduct, conductor, conductivity, conductance, conduction, conductive

4. electricity, electric, electrician, electrify, electrical

TASK 7. Change the sentences from active into passive.

1. Nowadays people use silicon to produce transistors. Nowadays silicon…

2. Usually we insulate copper wire with polythene. Usually copper wire…

3. We use iron and copper for making electric cable. Electric cable…

4. You can increase conductivity of silicon by adding a dopant to it. Conductivity of silicon…

5. You can form a p-n junction by doping a silicon crystal with p and n type dopants. P-n junction…

6. Professor applied a voltage to one of the contacts to show us the work of the p-n junction. A voltage…

TASK 8. Fill in the gaps with the following prepositions: to, with, of, on, in, through, at, into

1. A semiconductor chip is a tiny board made … silicon and germanium. 2. All elements can be divided … three groups; the first group includes the elements resistant ... electricity; the second one includes the elements … low resistance; and the last one includes semiconductors. 3. He said that it would be better to insulate this piece of copper wire … polythene. 4. If we look … the scheme of a p-n-p junction we can see that … the right there is an emitter, … the left there is a collector and … the middle you can see a base. 5. Compass is a device which is very sensitive … the magnetic field of the earth. 6. Each layer of semiconducting material is doped … a small amount of impurity. 7. You should connect each of the two parts of the system … separate sources of power. 8. This method can be applied … the production of new electronic devices. 9. Let’s look at the Mendeleyev Periodic Table of elements. Such elements as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen are placed … the top of table and such elements as lead, gold, mercury are … the bottom of it. 10. They say that current flows … a vacuum in only one direction.

TASK 9. Match the words with their meanings.

junction electricity transistor silicon oxygen conduct raw material voltage insulate resist

1. electronic device, much smaller than a radio valve, used in radio sets, usually made of silicon. 2. one of the most common elements, semiconductor, used in different electronic devices. 3. chemical element, gas without color, taste or smell, present in air, necessary to the existence of all forms of life. 4. in the natural state, not manufactured for use. 5. be unaffected by something. 6. cover or separate something with non-conducting materials to prevent passage of electricity. 7. property of conduction, developed in and around substances by rubbing to produce light. 8. transmit, allow to pass along or through. 9. electrical force measured in volts. 10. joining or being joined.

TASK 10. Listen to the recording and fill in the gaps.

CHANGE OF STATE

Many 1) … can exist in more than one state – as a 2)…, 3) …, or gas. Which state they are in 4) … their temperature and 5) …. At certain temperatures, under normal atmospheric pressure, some substances 6) … state. Liquids, for example, may become solids or 7) …, and gases may condense into liquids. Elements change state, under normal pressure, at specific temperatures, known as 8) … (or freezing) and 9) … (or condensation) points.

TASK 11. Watch the video about the working principle of MOSFET transistor and answer the questions.

1. What does MOSFET stand for? 2. What kind of a substrate is shown in the video? 3. What are white and green colors used to show? 4. What is red color used to show? 5. What is used to produce an insulating layer? 6. What is applied above the insulating layer? 7. What elements does the MOSFET shown in the video consist of? 8. Which two elements share the same source of current? 9. How can we increase the current between source and drain? 10. Where are MOSFETS used?

UNIT 7

Task 1. Study new words and word combinations.

1	equipment	[ɪ'kwɪpmənt]	оборудование
2	CPU/processor		процессор
3	memory/storage	['stɔːrɪʤ]	память, запоминающее устройство, хранение
4	peripherals	[pə'rɪfərəl]	периферийные устройства
5	input device		устройство ввода
6	output device		устройство вывода
7	supply	[sə'plaɪ]	поставлять
8	display	[dɪs'pleɪ]	показывать, демонстрировать
9	permanent	['pɜːmənənt]	долговременный
10	keyboard	['kiːbɔːd]	клавиатура
11	hardware	['hɑːdwɛə]	аппаратное обеспечение
12	software	['sɔftwɛə]	программное обеспечение
13	accurate	['ækjərət]	точный
14	decision	[dɪ'sɪʒn]	решение
15	multiplication	[mʌltɪplɪ'keɪʃən]	умножение
16	division	[dɪ'vɪʒən]	деление
17	subtraction	[səb'trækʃən]	вычитание
18	addition	[ə'dɪʃən]	сложение
19	perform	[pə'fɔːm]	выполнять
20	user	['juːzə]	пользователь
21	communicate	[kə'mjuːnɪkeɪt]	общаться
22	procedure	[prə'siːʤə]	процедура, операция
23	process	['prəuses]	обрабатывать
24	store	[stɔː]	хранить
25	digital	['dɪʤɪtəl]	цифровой
26	program		программа (компьютерная)

TASK 2. Give English equivalents of the words in brackets. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Computers can … (выполнять) a variety of tasks. 2. He’s written a piece of … (программное обеспечение). 3. The … (устройства ввода. for the CD-ROM are at the back of the computer. 4. An input device … (поставляет) information into the computer. 5. The text can be … (продемонстрирован) and edited on screen. 6. We can now … (общаться) instantly with people on the other side of the world. 7. A … (клавиатура) is an obligatory part of any computer. 8. The CPU is another name of the … (процессора). 9. A mouse is a special … (устройство ввода). 10. Input and output devices are … (периферийные устройства). 11. Input units are means of communication between the computer and the … (пользователем). 12. The result of … (сложения) is known as a sum. 13. We must perform … (умножение) before addition. 14. CD-ROM disks are for the … (долговременного) storage of information.

TASK 3. Translate the following word combinations from English into Russian and make up some sentences with them: electronic machines, arithmetic operations, logical problems, pieces of equipment, computer system, the most important item, electronic unit, Central Processing Unit, permanent storage of information.

TASK 4. Match the synonyms. 1) to supply 2) accurate 3) to perform 4) to communicate 5) equipment 6) to display 7) permanent

1) device 2) to carry out 3) to provide 4) to show 5) exact 6) prolonged, constant 7) to contact

TASK 5. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the forms and functions of the Participles.

1. The students testing the device study at our department. 2. The man switching off the computer works at our laboratory. 3. I thought about the question discussed at the seminar. 4. The journal taken from the library by my friend is very helpful. 5. The experiment done by the students helped them to understand this problem better. 6. This operating computer was made in the USA. 7. Translating the article I did not consult the dictionary. 8. Preparing a computer program we translate ordinary business data into machine languages. 9. While studying computer systems it is necessary to distinguish between computers and calculators. 10. While solving this problem I paid much attention to the correct computation. 11. Cybernetics is applied in various branches of industry and research. 12. The computer is testing its basic units now. 13. The students were discussing the advantages of high level languages when the teacher came. 14. The lecture was followed by a discussion.

TASK 6. Define the part of speech and the function of the words with -ed ending in the following sentences.

1. He described the method used by this engineer. 2. The engineer used the method described in this journal. 3. The programming languages discussed attracted attention of many users. 4. New methods used in programming were discussed at the seminar.

TASK 7. Mind the use of the Participle in the pairs of the following sentences. Translate them into Russian.

Model: 1. Great plants equipped with modern machinery produce computers. – Огромные заводы, оборудованные современной техникой, производят компьютеры. 2. Great plants producing computers are equipped with modern machinery. – Огромные заводы, производящие компьютеры, оборудованы современной техникой.

1. Machines called computers make complicated calculations. Machines making complicated calculations are called computers. 2. The book written by our scientists describes new inventions. The book describing new inventions was written by our scientists. 3. Our laboratory equipped with modern devices works on new projects. Our laboratory working on new projects is equipped with modern devices. 4. Microcomputers invented in the 1970s help much in research work. Microcomputers helping much in research work were invented in the 1970s.

TASK 8. Find the participles in the text “Computers today” and translate the sentences.

TASK 9. Read the text and find the answers to the following questions.

1. What are computers? 2. What operations do computers perform? 3. A computer doesn’t think, does it? 4. Is a computer a simple electronic machine? Why/why not? 5. Modern computers operate quickly and accurately, don’t they? 6. What is software? 7. What is hardware? 8. Is the processor or a monitor the most important item of a computer? 9. In what way do terms data and information differ? 10. What does a processor do? 11. What does the main memory store? 12. What peripherals do you know? 13. Does an input device supply information into the computer? 14. What kind of devices are monitors, printers and scanners?

COMPUTERS TODAY

Computers are electronic machines. They communicate with the user, perform different kinds of arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, division and multiplication, solve a series of logical problems and make thousands of logical decisions. Modern computers operate quickly and accurately. However, they don‘t think.

Every computer system consists of software, hardware, procedures and data/information. Information in the form of programs and data is called software, but the pieces of equipment that make up the computer system are known as hardware. Without software instructions, the hardware doesn‘t know what to do. The basic job of the computer is the processing of information. Computer is used to convert data into information. It is also used to store information in the digital form.

The most important item of hardware is the CPU (Central Processing Unit). This is the electronic unit at the centre of the computer system. The brain of the computer is the processor. It does all the processing and controls all the devices in the computer system. The main memory stores all the programs and data used by the processor.

All the other devices in the computer system are known as peripherals. These include input devices, output devices and storage devices. An input device supplies information into the computer. The most commonly used input device is a keyboard. An output device such as a monitor or a printer displays the processed data. A storage device is used for the permanent storage of information on floppy discs or CD-ROM discs.

TASK 10. Cross out the odd word.

a) processor, main memory, software

b) input device, data, storage device

c) monitor, floppy disc, printer

d) hardware, program, data

TASK 11. Decide whether the sentences are true or false.

1. Computer is made of electronic components so it is referred to as electronic device. 2. Computer has no intelligence until software is loaded. 3. There are four elements of computer system: hardware, software, diskettes and data. 4. Without software instructions hardware doesn’t know what to do. 5. The software is the most important component because it is made by people. 6. The user inputs data into computer to get information as an output.

TASK 12. Fill in the gaps with the necessary information.

Computers are complex electronic machines. They perform arithmetic … such as …, …, …, … and make thousands of logical … . All modern computers … quickly and … . Computers consist of software and … . Software includes … and data. Hardware contains the Central … Unit and the peripherals. The processor is the … of the computer. It … all the processing. The … memory … all the programs and data used by the … . An input device … information into the … . An output device … the processed data. A … device is used for the … storage of information.

TASK 13. Retell the text in the written form.

Some scientists say that without the computer the 21st century would be impossible.

Computers today are running our factories, planning our cities, teaching our children and forecasting our future. The computer solves in seconds the problems a generation of mathematicians would need months or years to solve without its help.

The degree to which computers will take over human functions may frighten some people and astonish others. If we are to believe some forecasts, computers, like the telephone or electricity, may become a common thing of every day used by almost everybody.

They can even enter our home life. They can help make up a person‘s shopping list, remind someone of important appointments and anniversaries and answer the telephone.

We often hear that the increasing flood of information will be one of the problems of the 21st century. A computer may help solve it too. In a computerized library of the future requests for information will be answered instantly and as fully as the user wants.

It’s hard to enumerate all the uses the computer may be put to.

TASK 14. Choose the correct word.

1. A personal computer is a small relatively inexpensive device designed for an individual … a) person; b) producer; c) user. 2. Input in PC is usually performed by means of a …. a) mouse; b) scanner; c) keyboard. 3. A personal computer uses … disks as input and output media. a) hard; b) fixed; c) floppy; 4. Personal computers have a lot of scientific, engineering, educational …. a) multiplication; b) application; c) investigation. 5. Microelectronics greatly extended man‘s intellectual …. a) subsystems; b) dimensions; c) capabilities. 6. The first generation computers were … and often burned out. a) uncomfortable; b) unreliable; c) uncommunicative. 7. The development of third generation computers became possible due to the invention of …. a) integrated circuits; b) electronic tubes; c) transistors. 8. A computer can solve very complex numerical …. a) computations; b) communication; c) instructions. 9. Magnetic … were the main elements used for primary memory in digital computers for many years. a) cores; b) disks; c) tapes. 10. Input-output devices allow the computer to … with its external environment. a) compute; b) command; c) communicate.

TASK 15. Listen to the first part of the recording and fill in the gaps. Use no more than THREE WORDS.

According to the diagram, there are two parts in a computer system: 1) … and 2) …. Programs that let your computer to 3) … a specific task are called software. Software comprises the 4) … and application software. Electronic or 5) … parts are called hardware. There are three main hardware sections which include the 6) …, the 7) …, and the peripherals.

Listen to the second part of the recording and decide whether the sentences below are true or false. Make the false sentences true.

1. The main memory is a special chip which executes instructions and coordinates the work of all the components in a computer system. 2. Expansion cards for video, sound and networking make your computer work better. 3. All the instructions and data which are being processed now by the main memory are held in the CPU. 4. ROM and RAM chips are used to comprise main memory. 5. ROM is a volatile type of memory, i.e. all the information is lost when the computer is turned off. 6. The units which are attached to the computer are called peripheral devices. 7. Peripheral devices are storage devices, input and output devices. 8. We use input devices help us extract data from the computer. 9. Hard disks, DVDs and flash drives are examples of storage devices.

UNIT 8

Task 1. Study new words and word combinations.

1	inductor	[ɪn'dʌktə]	индуктор
2	coil	[kɔɪl]	катушка
3	two-terminal		двухполюсной
4	separate		разделять
5	wind (wound)	[waind]	наматывать
6	through	[θruː]	через
7	time-varying	['vɛərɪη]	изменяющийся во времени
8	induce	[ɪn'djuːs]	индуцировать
9	direction	[dɪ'rekʃ(ə)n ]	направление
10	EMF (electromotive force)		ЭДС
11	oppose		противостоять, быть противоположным
12	characterize	['kærəkt(ə)raɪz]	характеризовать
13	inductance	[ɪn'dʌkt(ə)n(t)s]	индуктивность
14	ratio	['reɪʃɪəu]	соотношение
15	rate		скорость
16	magnetic core		магнитный стержень
17	ferrite	['ferīt]	феррит
18	linear	['lɪnɪə]	линейный
19	make up		составлять
20	choke		дроссель
21	store		хранить
22	tune		настраивать

TASK 2. Read the following sentences, pay attention to the suffixes used.

1. Inductor induces inductance.

2. A productive producer produces post-production products.

3. An inventive inventor invents new inventions every day.

4. Physics studies physical phenomena.

5. A reflecting reflector reflects reflected signals.

TASK 3.Study the following table of Participle I and Participle II.

Present Participle – Participle I				Past Participle- Participle II
S I M P L E	Active	Passive	Changed измененный
	Changing 1)изменяющий (-ся) изменивший (-ся) 2)изменяя (-сь)	Being changed 1)изменяемый, который изменяется 2) будучи изменяемым
P E R F E C T	Having changed Изменив (-шись)	Having been changed Будучи измененным

TASK 4. Form Participle I and Participle II using the following verbs: invent, transform, generate, induce, transmit, plan, wind, oppose, change, characterize, resist, consist, contain.

TASK 5. Translate from English into Russian: computer-assisted, plastic–coated, program-controlled, air-cooled, battery-driven, signal-generated, program-installed, man-made, hardware-maintained, error-protected.

TASK 6. Read the text. Translate it, pay attention to the words in bald. Make up 10 questions.