Контрольна робота № 2

Варіант 1

1. Прочитайте поданий нижче текст. Дайте письмовий переклад 1, 2 та 3 абзаців.

Types of businesses

(1) Business organizations are established to meet wants in society. These organizations can be either private businesses or government organizations. The most common forms of private business organizations are sole proprietorships, partnerships and corporations.

(2) A sole proprietorship is a business owned and controlled by one person. Sole proprietorships are the oldest, simplest, and the most common of all types of business. Because the financial resources available to one person often are limited, sole proprietors tend to be enterprises that require small amounts of capital to start and operate. Examples of sole trader businesses include small retailers, plumbers, builders, internet entrepreneurs, beauticians, dentists, lawyers, market traders, grocers, butchers etc.

(3) A partnership is a business that is owned and controlled by two or more people. A partnership begins when two or more people agree to operate a business together. Partnership can be general or limited. In order to avoid later conflicts, the partners usually formulate a written agreement called a partnership contract. It outlines the contributions of partners, the distribution of profits and losses. It details the specific responsibilities of each partner and includes provision for adding or dropping partners and dissolving the partnership. The advantages of a partnership over a sole trader is that resources, whether money, expertise or skills is often greater than that of a sole trader. This is because there is more than one person contributing to the business.

(4) A corporation is a business organization that is treated by law as if it were an individual person. A corporation can do everything that a sole proprietorship or a partnership can do. It can, for example, buy property and resources, hire workers, make contracts, pay taxes, sue others and be sued and produce and sell products. A corporation, however, is owned by stockholders. Stockholders are individuals who invest in a corporation by buying shares of stock. Stocks are the certificates of ownership in the corporation. Stockholders invest in a corporation in order to make a profit.

(5) A corporation may be either publicly owned or closed. A publicly owned corporation allows its shares to be purchased by anyone who chooses to invest in the business. Most corporations today are publicly owned. A closed corporation is owned by a limited number of shareholders. People outside of this limited group may not buy shares in the corporation.

2. Знайдіть в тексті (1) антоніми до поданих нижче слів.

1. public (§1)

2. to possess (§2)

3. big (§2)

4. to finish (§2)

5. to end (§3)

6. verbal (§3)

7. to seek (§3)

8. to exclude (§3)

9. to sell (§4)

10. to fire (§4)

3. Підберіть до поданих слів (1-10) відповідні визначення (a-j):

1. profit a. an owner of corporate capital stock.

2. a contract b. a business unit; a company or firm

3. tax c. a group of people authorized by law to act as a legal personality and having its own powers, duties, and liabilities.

4. losses d. the income or reward accruing to a successful entrepreneur and held to be the motivating factor of all economic activity in a capitalist economy

5. partnership e. anything that is needed, desired, or lacked

6. stockholder f. a formal agreement between two or more parties or a document that states the terms of such an agreement

7. shares g. a contractual relationship between two or more persons carrying on a joint business venture with a view to profit, each incurring liability for losses and the right to share in the profits

8. corporation h. a compulsory financial contribution imposed by a government to raise revenue, levied on the income or property of persons or organizations, on the production costs or sales prices of goods and services, etc

9. enterprise i. any of the equal parts, usually of low par value, into which the capital stock of a company is divided: ownership of shares carries the right to receive a proportion of the company's profits

10. a want j. the amount by which the costs of a business transaction or operation exceed its revenue

4. Вставте неозначені чи заперечні займенники. Речення запишіть.

1. She wants to buy _______ new сuрs.

2. There is _______ very pleasant in her voice.

3. Does _______ of you want to speak on this topic?

4. Paul wrote two examples but _______ was correct.

5. I shall do _______ to help them.

5. Відкрийте дужки та поставте дієслово у Present Simple чи Present Continuous. Речення запишіть. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

1. Something (smell) very good.

2. We (have) dinner at seven o’clock to night. Don’t be late.

3. Не (practise) the piano every day.

4. What he (do) to his car now? – I (think) he (polish) it.

5. You (hear) the wind? It (blow) very strongly.

6. Відкрийте дужки. Поставте частку to перед дієсловом, де потрібно. Речення запишіть. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

1. Do you like (listen) to good music?

2. Would you like (go) to the theatre?

3. That funny scene made me (laugh).

4. Mу brother can (speak) French.

5. We had (put) on our overcoats because it was cold.

7. Поставте дієслова в дужках у правильній формі (інфінітив чи герундій). Речення запишіть. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

1. I am looking forward to (see) you.

2. Не dreads (have) to retire.

3. I arranged (meet) them here.

4. Не hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).

5. If you go on (let) your dog (chase) саrs he'll end by (be) run over.

8. Запишіть наступні речення. Визначте якою неособовою формою дієслова виступають підкреслені слова. Речення перекладіть українською мовою.

1. We suggested sleeping in hotels but the children were anxious to camp out.

2. Would you like to come to а lecture on Wagner tonight? – No, thanks. I like listening to music but I don' t like listening to people talking about it.

3. If you want the milkman to leave you milk in the morning, remember to put а milk bottle outside your door.

4. They let us park motorcycles here but they won't allow us to park cars.

5. They don' t allow smoking in the auditorium; they don' t want to risk setting in on fire, but you can smoke in the foyer during the interval.

9. Запишіть наступні речення. Перекладіть речення англійською мовою.

1. На цей час я працюю менеджером.

2. Я нічого не розумію.

3. Кожного місяця він пише статті.

4. Хто-небудь читав цю заяву?

5. Я думаю ви вже знаєте мою точку зору на це питання.