- •Українська державна академія
- •English for Students of Economics
- •Т.В. Колбіна
- •В.П. Сімонок
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar
- •(Речення з дієсловом to have (have got))
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •Порівняльні сполучники та звороти
- •Nouns: Countable and Uncountable Plural and Singular
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •From the history of railways:
- •200 Years of progress
- •Conversational practice
- •At the Railway Ticket Office
- •Word building
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Possessive Case of Nouns
- •Imperative Sentences
- •Prepositions of Time
- •Prepositions of Place
- •Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Alternative Questions
- •Tag Questions
- •Indefinite (Simple) Tense in the Passive
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •The basics of economics
- •Today’s Mixed Economies
- •Economics is everywhere
- •Breaking into new markets
- •Conversational practice
- •I’m sorry Excuse me of course Pardon
- •Word building
- •Revision exercises
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Grammar Continuous Tense
- •Present Continuous Tense
- •Past Continuous Tense
- •Future Continuous Tense
- •Verbs, used only in simple tenses
- •Pronouns
- •Numerals
- •Запам’ятайте:
- •Розміри, виміри
- •Номери телефонів, автобусів та ін.
- •Attributive Group
- •Exercise 36 Find the headword of the word combinations and translate them.
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Supply and demand
- •Seeking a balance
- •Apple iPad’s - Impressive Device
- •Joint Demand and Joint Supply
- •Why are the Salaries of Professional Sport Stars So High?
- •Computer Crime
- •Conversational practice
- •I’ll ring back later.
- •I’m having a party on Saturday. Can you come?
- •Word building
- •Grammar revision
- •The Tower of London
- •Enjoy yourself Proverbs
- •Great explorers
- •Grammar Perfect Tense (Часи групи Perfect)
- •Present Perfect Tense
- •Past Perfect Tense
- •Future Perfect Tense
- •The Loch Ness Wallet
- •Phrasal Verbs
- •The Art of Feng Shui
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Production and factors of production
- •The stages of industry
- •Services
- •The chain of distribution
- •The Knowledge Society
- •Conversational practice
- •Grammar revision
- •Amazing but true!
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Thoughts that help us live
- •Grammar Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- •Sequence of Tenses
- •Виключення з правила узгодження часів
- •Direct and Reported Speech
- •Питальні речення у непрямій мові
- •The Stress Interview
- •Interview
- •Наказові речення у непрямій мові
- •Expressions of Quantity Вираження кількості
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Management
- •Marketing
- •Advertising Then and Now
- •Outdoor advertising – a breath of fresh air
- •Conversational practice
- •Word building
- •Exercise 52 Translate the adjectives.
- •Grammar review
- •Enjoy yourself
- •Father’s Motto
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar
- •Infinitive
- •Exercise 6 Translate the following sentences and word combinations.
- •Exercise 7 Translate the sentences defining the function of the Infinitive.
- •The Brave Old Lady and the Hopeless Crook1
- •Complex Object
- •Exercise 14 Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Object.
- •Exercise 19 Translate the sentences using the Complex Object.
- •Complex Subject (Суб’єктний інфінітивний зворот)
- •Exercise 22 Translate the sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •Gerund (Герундій)
- •Функції герундія
- •Revision of Modal Verbs
- •An Overheard Conversation
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •Railway transport economics
- •Exercise 41 Answer the following questions according to the text.
- •Exercise 42 Find English equivalents.
- •Logistics on the Move
- •Word building Compound words
- •Revision exercises
- •Enjoy yourself Test
- •Irregular Verbs
- •Фонетичні правила читання голосних
- •Порядок слів у стверджувальному реченні
- •Pronouns
- •Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •Functions of Modal Verbs and Synonymous Expressions
- •Prepositions after Particular Words and Expressions
- •Greetings
- •Getting Acquainted with People
- •Parting with People
- •Invitations and Proposals
- •Apologies
- •Answers
- •Agreeing
- •Disagreeing
- •Hesitations and Lack of Understanding
- •Starting a Conversation
- •Telephoning
- •Transitional Words
- •Word Formation
- •Literature
- •English for Students of Economics
- •310050, Харків – 50, пл. Фейєрбаха, 7
Grammar Continuous Tense
(Часи групи Continuous)
|
Active be+Present Participle (-ing) |
Passive be+being+Past Participle (-ed) |
Present |
I am discussing a new plan now. He is still discussing a new plan. They are discussing a new plan. |
A new plan is being discussed. New plans are being discussed. |
Past |
He was discussing a new plan when the manager came. They were discussing a new plan during the meeting. |
A new plan was being discussed when we came. New plans were being discussed during the meeting. |
Future |
We will be discussing a new plan tomorrow at 5. |
- |
Spelling:
1. argue – arguing, hate – hating, love – loving (але: age – ageing, dye - dyeing, agree – agreeing, see – seeing)
2. hit – hitting, run – running, stop – stopping
3. ad'mit – admitting, be'gin – beginning, pre'fer – preferring (але: 'budget – budgeting, 'enter – entering)
4. signal – signalling, travel – travelling (AmE.: signaling, traveling)
5. carry – carrying, enjoy – enjoying, hurry – hurrying
6. die – dying, lie – lying
Present Continuous Tense
1. Подовжені дії, що здійснюються під час говоріння (still, now, at 11 o’clock, from 5 to 9 o’clock), або в теперішній період часу (today, this week, this season).
Please, don’t make so much noise. I am studying. (not I study)
Tom and Ann are talking and drinking in a café. Tom says, ‘I’m reading an interesting book at the moment.’
‘You are working hard today.’ ‘Yes, I have a lot to do.’
2. Ситуації, які швидко змінюються:
The population of the world is rising very fast. (not rises).
3. Майбутні дії, якщо виказується намір їх здійснення або впевненість у їх виконанні.
What are you doing tomorrow evening?
I am going to the theatre.
Примітка Present Continuous Tense також може використовуватися:
- для висловлення меншої впевненості та офіціальності:
I am hoping you can lend me $100.
I’m afraid we must be going;
- для висловлення незадоволення, скарги, тощо:
He is continually borrowing money from me.
Past Continuous Tense
Подовжена дія, що відбувалася у певний момент у минулому або в певний відрізок часу.
I was reading a book at seven yesterday.
In June that firm was carrying on negotiations for the purchase of wheat.
Past Continuous не вказує на те, чи завершилась дія:
Tom was cooking the dinner (= він готував обід і не відомо, чи приготував він його).
Tom cooked the dinner (= він приготував обід).
Примітка Рast Сontinuous часто стоїть разом з Рast Simple, якщо одна дія здійснювалася на фоні іншої.
Tom burned his hand when (while) he was cooking the dinner.
При переліку подій у минулому вживається Past Indefinite, незалежно від тривалості дії.
I came home early, rested from five till six, and then worked the whole evening.
Future Continuous Tense
1. Подовжена дія, що буде відбуватися в певний момент у майбутньому або в певний відрізок часу.
This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema. They will be watching a film.
I will be preparing for my examination in May.
2. Намір здійснити дію, або впевненість у її здійсненні (замість Future Indefinite Tense).
He will be meeting us at the station.
Зворот to be going to do smth
To be going to виражає намір здійснити дію або впевненість у її здійсненні у майбутньому.
We were going to ship these goods by the steamer. – Ми збиралися відправити цей товар пароплавом.
The sky is clearing up; the rain is going to stop in a minute. – Небо прояснюється; дощ ущухне через хвилину.
