- •Астраханский государственный технический университет м.А. Григорьева с.А. Нурмухамбетова о.В. Фёдорова
- •Introduction/ введение
- •Petroleum industry: introduction to oil and gas
- •A brief history of petroleum – upstream, downstream, all around the stream
- •История нефти
- •Chapter II origin and accumulation of hydrocarbons
- •Formation of oil
- •How Oil Becomes Oil
- •Physical and Chemical Properties of Oil
- •Finding Oil
- •How to Find Oil
- •Fluid Flow
- •Oil and gas energy drives
- •Water-Drive Reservoirs
- •Коллекторы с газонапорным режимом
- •A crossword puzzle
- •Chapter III
- •Exploration Methods
- •How to Extract Oil
- •Joint usage of s-waves and p-waves
- •Seismic noises
- •Types of waves
- •Drilling mud
- •Text 1 Drilling
- •Text 2 Tools for core taking
- •Straight hole drilling
- •Text 1 blowout control
- •Text 2 well drilling equipment
- •Chapter V well design and well head equipment
- •Drilling Rig Components
- •Rig system
- •Hoisting system components
- •Text a Rotary system components
- •2) Read and translate the text b "Rotary system components". Define what is it in bold in each paragraph using the words before the text.
- •Circulating System
- •Text 1 emergency shut down systems
- •Text 2 wellhead
- •Chapter VI well completion and woRкOver operations
- •Completion
- •Fishing tools
- •Text 1 Well killing fluids
- •Text 2 Well workover
- •Chapter VII oil production
- •Production
- •Artificial lift
- •Text 1 electrical submersible pumps
- •Text 2 fluid injection
- •Chapter VIII oil treatment, transportation and storage
- •Types of storage tanks
- •Bolted tanks
- •Tank battery operation
- •Oil gathering facilities
- •Selection of separator internals
- •Замеры емкости
- •Chapter II pipeline valves and fittings
- •Pipe Joints and Fittings
- •Valve body
- •Choke replacement
- •Maintenance of stop devices
- •Chapter III oil refining
- •Heat content
- •Refining methods
- •Gas fractionation plants
- •Chapter IV health, safety, environment
- •Health, safety, environment
- •Bp's 8 golden rules of safety
- •Sour gas
- •Text 1 acid treatment
- •Text 2 well service
- •Text 3 drilling rig
- •Chapter VI
- •The impact of mining and oil extraction on the environment
- •Chapter VII
- •The effect of extracting, delivering and using petroleum products on the environment
- •Drilling contractors
- •Service and supply companies
- •Unit III chapter I main parts of a rotary rig
- •Chapter II the hoisting system
- •Chapter III the fluid circulating system
- •Chapter IV the rotary system
- •Chapter V the well control system
- •Chapter VI well monitoring system
- •Chapter VII special marine equipment
- •Chapter VIII rotary drilling bits
- •Part II
- •Creekology
- •How are oil and natural gas produced?"
- •Range of explored depths
- •Diamond bits
- •Spontaneous well deviation
- •Water flooding
- •Completion methods
- •Text 10
- •Formation stimulation
- •Text 11
- •Tank gaging
- •Text 12
- •Pipeline valves
- •Text 13
- •Refineries
- •Text 14
- •Migration and Accumulation of Petroleum
- •Text 15
- •Porosity
- •Text 16
- •Permeability
- •Text 17
- •Wettability
- •Text 18
- •Wire Well Logging Techniques
- •Conclusion/ Заключение
Chapter V the well control system
EXERCISE 1 Read and translate the text, using the words after the text.
The well control system prevents the uncontrolled flow of formation fluids from the well bore. When the bit penetrates a permeable formation that has a fluid pressure in excess of the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the drilling fluid, formation fluids will begin displacing the drilling fluid from the well. The flow of formation fluids into the well in the presence of drilling fluid is called a kick. The well control system permits detecting the kick, closing the well at the surface, circulating the well under pressure to remove the formation fluids and increase the mud density, moving the drill string under pressure and diverting the flow away from the rig personnel and equipment.
Failure of the well control system results in an uncontrolled flow of formation fluids and is called a blowout. This is perhaps the worst disaster that can occur during drilling operations. Blowouts may cause loss of life, drilling equipment, much of oil and gas reserves in the underground reservoir, and damage to the environment near the well.
The flow of fluid from the well caused by a kick is stopped by use of special pack-off devices called blowout preventers (BOPs). Multiple BOPs used in a series are referred to collectively as a BOP stack. The BOP must be capable of terminating flow from the well under all drilling conditions. When the drill string is in the hole, movement of the pipe without releasing well pressure should be allowed to occur. In addition, the BOP stack should allow fluid circulation through the well annulus under pressure. These objectives are usually accomplished by using several ram presenters and one annular preventer.
Modern hydraulic systems used for closing BOP's are high-pressure fluid accumulators similar to those developed for aircraft fluid control systems. The accumulator is equipped with a pressure-regulating system. The ability to change the closing pressure on the preventers is important when it is necessary to strip pipe into the hole. Stripping is most easily done using the annular preventer.
The words to be memorized:
1. formation fluid – пластовый флюид, пластовая жидкость
2. permeable formation – проницаемый пласт
3. in excess - избыточный, в избытке
4. to displace - вытеснять, замещать
5. kick – резкое повышение давления, удар
6. to detect - обнаружить
7. density - плотность
8. to divert - отводить
9. failure - отказ, поломка оборудования
10. flow - поток, выброс
11. to terminate - заканчивать
12. BOP stack - блок\комплект превенторов
13. ram – плашка противовыбросового превентора
14. ram preventer – плашечный превентор
EXERCISE 2 Answer the following questions.
What does the well control system prevent?
What is a kick?
What does the well control system permit?
What does failure of the well control system result in?
What may cause blowout?
What is a blowout preventer?
What is a BOP stack?
What is a high pressure accumulator equipped with?
What is important when it is necessary to strip pipe into the hole?
What preventer is used when stripping?
EXERCISE 3 Find the proper Russian equivalents to the given English terms.
1. formation fluid 1. плашечный превентор
2. BOP stack 2. удар
3. ram preventer 3. плотность
4. failure 4. поломка оборудования
5. kick 5. пластовая жидкость
6. permeable formation 6. обнаружить
7. density 7. комплект превенторов
8. to divert 8. множественный
9. to detect 9. отводить
10. multiple 10. проницаемый пласт
EXERCISE 4 Complete the sentences.
The well control system prevents…
…is called a kick.
The well control system permits…
Failure of the well control system results in…
Formation fluids may displace…
A kick is stopped by…
The BOP stack should allow fluid…
The accumulator is equipped…
The uncontrolled flow of formation fluid from the well is called…
Stripping is most easily done…
EXERCISE 5 Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
Система управления скважиной предотвращает неконтролируемый выброс пластовых жидкостей из скважины.
Чтобы удалить пластовые жидкости, необходимо промыть скважину бурильным раствором под давлением.
При ударе пластовое давление превышает гидростатическое давление раствора в скважине.
Выброс останавливают при помощи противовыбросовых превенторов.
Для запирания комплекта превенторов используются жидкостные аккумуляторы высокого давления.
Когда колонна находится в скважине, нельзя снижать давление раствора.
Современные гидравлические системы, используемые в превенторах, представляют собой жидкостные аккумуляторы высокого давления.
Аккумуляторы снабжения системой регулирования давления.
Эти цели обычно достигаются с помощью нескольких плошечных и одного универсального превентора.
Это, возможно, самое худшее бедствие, которое может случиться во время бурения.
EXERCISE 6 Retell the text and discuss in dialogs with your group mates this theme.
EXERCISE 7 Prepare a presentation about the well control system.