- •Астраханский государственный технический университет м.А. Григорьева с.А. Нурмухамбетова о.В. Фёдорова
- •Introduction/ введение
- •Petroleum industry: introduction to oil and gas
- •A brief history of petroleum – upstream, downstream, all around the stream
- •История нефти
- •Chapter II origin and accumulation of hydrocarbons
- •Formation of oil
- •How Oil Becomes Oil
- •Physical and Chemical Properties of Oil
- •Finding Oil
- •How to Find Oil
- •Fluid Flow
- •Oil and gas energy drives
- •Water-Drive Reservoirs
- •Коллекторы с газонапорным режимом
- •A crossword puzzle
- •Chapter III
- •Exploration Methods
- •How to Extract Oil
- •Joint usage of s-waves and p-waves
- •Seismic noises
- •Types of waves
- •Drilling mud
- •Text 1 Drilling
- •Text 2 Tools for core taking
- •Straight hole drilling
- •Text 1 blowout control
- •Text 2 well drilling equipment
- •Chapter V well design and well head equipment
- •Drilling Rig Components
- •Rig system
- •Hoisting system components
- •Text a Rotary system components
- •2) Read and translate the text b "Rotary system components". Define what is it in bold in each paragraph using the words before the text.
- •Circulating System
- •Text 1 emergency shut down systems
- •Text 2 wellhead
- •Chapter VI well completion and woRкOver operations
- •Completion
- •Fishing tools
- •Text 1 Well killing fluids
- •Text 2 Well workover
- •Chapter VII oil production
- •Production
- •Artificial lift
- •Text 1 electrical submersible pumps
- •Text 2 fluid injection
- •Chapter VIII oil treatment, transportation and storage
- •Types of storage tanks
- •Bolted tanks
- •Tank battery operation
- •Oil gathering facilities
- •Selection of separator internals
- •Замеры емкости
- •Chapter II pipeline valves and fittings
- •Pipe Joints and Fittings
- •Valve body
- •Choke replacement
- •Maintenance of stop devices
- •Chapter III oil refining
- •Heat content
- •Refining methods
- •Gas fractionation plants
- •Chapter IV health, safety, environment
- •Health, safety, environment
- •Bp's 8 golden rules of safety
- •Sour gas
- •Text 1 acid treatment
- •Text 2 well service
- •Text 3 drilling rig
- •Chapter VI
- •The impact of mining and oil extraction on the environment
- •Chapter VII
- •The effect of extracting, delivering and using petroleum products on the environment
- •Drilling contractors
- •Service and supply companies
- •Unit III chapter I main parts of a rotary rig
- •Chapter II the hoisting system
- •Chapter III the fluid circulating system
- •Chapter IV the rotary system
- •Chapter V the well control system
- •Chapter VI well monitoring system
- •Chapter VII special marine equipment
- •Chapter VIII rotary drilling bits
- •Part II
- •Creekology
- •How are oil and natural gas produced?"
- •Range of explored depths
- •Diamond bits
- •Spontaneous well deviation
- •Water flooding
- •Completion methods
- •Text 10
- •Formation stimulation
- •Text 11
- •Tank gaging
- •Text 12
- •Pipeline valves
- •Text 13
- •Refineries
- •Text 14
- •Migration and Accumulation of Petroleum
- •Text 15
- •Porosity
- •Text 16
- •Permeability
- •Text 17
- •Wettability
- •Text 18
- •Wire Well Logging Techniques
- •Conclusion/ Заключение
Unit III chapter I main parts of a rotary rig
EXERCISE 1 Read and translate the text, using the words after the text.
Large investments are required to drill for oil and gas. Small oil companies invest mainly in the shallow, less expensive wells drilled on land. Investments in expensive offshore wells can be afforded only by large companies.
There are different types of wells, depending on their purpose. A well is classified as a wild cat well if its purpose is to discover a new petroleum reservoir. In contrast, the purpose of a development well is to exploit a known reservoir. Rotary drilling rigs are for almost all drilling done today. The hole is drilled by rotating a bit to which a downward force is applied by using sections of heavy thick – walled pipe, called drill collars, in the drillstring above the bit. The cuttings are lifted to the surface by circulating a fluid down the drill string, through the bit, and up the annular space between the hole and the drill string. The cuttings are separated from the drilling fluid at the surface.
Rotary drilling rigs can be classified broadly as land rigs and marine rigs. The main design features of land rigs are portability and maximum operating depth. The derrick of a conventional land rig must be built on location and is often left over the hole after the well is completed. Modern land rigs are built so that the derrick can moved easily and reused. The jackknife, or cantilever derrick is assembled on the ground and then raised as a unit with the rig hoisting equipment.
Although drilling rigs differ greatly in outward appearance and method of deployment, all rotary rigs have the same basic drilling equipment. Their main component parts are the power system, the hoisting system, the fluid-circulating system, the rotary system, the well-control system and the well-monitoring system. Most rig power is consumed by the hoisting and the fluid circulating systems.
The words to be memorized:
1. to drill – бурить
2. wild cat well – разведочная скважина
3. reservoir – месторождение (нефти, газа)
4. development well – эксплуатационная скважина
5. to exploit – эксплуатировать
6. drilling rig–буровая установка
7. rotary – роторный
8. land rig – наземная буровая установка
9. marine rig – морская буровая установка
10. derrick– буровая вышка, деррик
11. location – место бурения
12. hole – скважина, ствол скважины
13. jack – knife / cantilever derrick – складная / консольная вышка
14. to assemble – собирать, монтировать
15. as a unit – целиком, как одно целое
16. hoisting system – спускоподъемная система
17. fluid circulation system– система циркуляции бурового раствора
18. rotary system – ротор, система вращения
19. well – control system – система управления скважиной
20. well-monitoring system – система текущего контроля
21. swivel – вертлюг
22. rotary hose– нагнетательный шланг
23. bell nipple – направляющий патрубок
24. blowout preventer – противовыбросовый превентор
25. emergency flow line – линия аварийного сброса
26. mud pump – буровой насос
27. drill pipe – бурильная труба, колонна
28. conductor casing – направляющая колонна, кондуктор
29. annulus/annular space – затрубное пространство
30. drill collar – воротник бура, УБТ
31. bit – бур, долото
32. deployment – развертывание, установка
EXERCISE 2 Answer the following questions.
What is required do drill for oil and gas?
What companies can afford to drill offshore and why?
What types of wells do you have you learnt from the text?
What is a purpose of a wild cat well?
What is used for almost all drilling done today?
What is drill collar?
How can we classify rotary drilling rigs?
What are the main design features of long rigs?
What is a jack-knife?
What are the main component parts of rotary rigs?
EXERCISE 3 Find the proper Russian equivalent to the given English terms.
1. наземная буровая установка |
1. hole |
2. место бурения |
2. wild cat well |
3. морская буровая установка |
3. land rig |
4. потреблять |
4. drill pipe |
5. буровая вышка |
5. location |
6. буровая труба |
6. marine rig |
7. скважина |
7. development well |
8. бур, долото |
8. derrick |
9. эксплуатационная скважина |
9. consume |
10. разведочная скважина |
10. bit
|
EXERCISE 4 Memorize the following word combinations, give their Russian equivalents.
Wild cat well, development well, drilling rig, land rig, marine rig, cantilever derrick, hoisting system, rotary system, well-control system, well-monitoring system, drill collar, fluid circulation system.
EXERCISE 5 Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
Чтобы бурить нефть или газ требуются большие капиталовложения.
Существует несколько видов скважин, в зависимости от их цели.
Роторные буровые установки используются практически для любого бурения производимого в наши дни.
Роторные буровые установки можно широко классифицировать как наземные буровые установки и морские буровые установки.
Современные наземные установки сооружены таким образом, чтобы вышку можно было легко передвигать.
Все роторные установки имеют одинаковое бурильное оборудование.
Вышка наземной буровой установки сооружается на месте бурения.
Разведочные скважины нужны для открытия новых месторождений.
Большая часть электроэнергии установки потребляется спускоподъемной системой и системой циркуляции раствора.
Капиталовложение в дорогие оффшорные скважины могут позволить себе только большие компании.
EXERCISE 6 Describe different types of wells and drilling rigs using the following plan:
1. Well classification
2. Land rigs and marine rigs
3. The jack-knife derrick
4. Main component parts of rotary rigs
EXERCISE 7 Retell the text and discuss in dialogs with your group mates this theme.
EXERCISE 8 Prepare a presentation about the main component parts of rotary rigs.
