- •Астраханский государственный технический университет м.А. Григорьева с.А. Нурмухамбетова о.В. Фёдорова
- •Introduction/ введение
- •Petroleum industry: introduction to oil and gas
- •A brief history of petroleum – upstream, downstream, all around the stream
- •История нефти
- •Chapter II origin and accumulation of hydrocarbons
- •Formation of oil
- •How Oil Becomes Oil
- •Physical and Chemical Properties of Oil
- •Finding Oil
- •How to Find Oil
- •Fluid Flow
- •Oil and gas energy drives
- •Water-Drive Reservoirs
- •Коллекторы с газонапорным режимом
- •A crossword puzzle
- •Chapter III
- •Exploration Methods
- •How to Extract Oil
- •Joint usage of s-waves and p-waves
- •Seismic noises
- •Types of waves
- •Drilling mud
- •Text 1 Drilling
- •Text 2 Tools for core taking
- •Straight hole drilling
- •Text 1 blowout control
- •Text 2 well drilling equipment
- •Chapter V well design and well head equipment
- •Drilling Rig Components
- •Rig system
- •Hoisting system components
- •Text a Rotary system components
- •2) Read and translate the text b "Rotary system components". Define what is it in bold in each paragraph using the words before the text.
- •Circulating System
- •Text 1 emergency shut down systems
- •Text 2 wellhead
- •Chapter VI well completion and woRкOver operations
- •Completion
- •Fishing tools
- •Text 1 Well killing fluids
- •Text 2 Well workover
- •Chapter VII oil production
- •Production
- •Artificial lift
- •Text 1 electrical submersible pumps
- •Text 2 fluid injection
- •Chapter VIII oil treatment, transportation and storage
- •Types of storage tanks
- •Bolted tanks
- •Tank battery operation
- •Oil gathering facilities
- •Selection of separator internals
- •Замеры емкости
- •Chapter II pipeline valves and fittings
- •Pipe Joints and Fittings
- •Valve body
- •Choke replacement
- •Maintenance of stop devices
- •Chapter III oil refining
- •Heat content
- •Refining methods
- •Gas fractionation plants
- •Chapter IV health, safety, environment
- •Health, safety, environment
- •Bp's 8 golden rules of safety
- •Sour gas
- •Text 1 acid treatment
- •Text 2 well service
- •Text 3 drilling rig
- •Chapter VI
- •The impact of mining and oil extraction on the environment
- •Chapter VII
- •The effect of extracting, delivering and using petroleum products on the environment
- •Drilling contractors
- •Service and supply companies
- •Unit III chapter I main parts of a rotary rig
- •Chapter II the hoisting system
- •Chapter III the fluid circulating system
- •Chapter IV the rotary system
- •Chapter V the well control system
- •Chapter VI well monitoring system
- •Chapter VII special marine equipment
- •Chapter VIII rotary drilling bits
- •Part II
- •Creekology
- •How are oil and natural gas produced?"
- •Range of explored depths
- •Diamond bits
- •Spontaneous well deviation
- •Water flooding
- •Completion methods
- •Text 10
- •Formation stimulation
- •Text 11
- •Tank gaging
- •Text 12
- •Pipeline valves
- •Text 13
- •Refineries
- •Text 14
- •Migration and Accumulation of Petroleum
- •Text 15
- •Porosity
- •Text 16
- •Permeability
- •Text 17
- •Wettability
- •Text 18
- •Wire Well Logging Techniques
- •Conclusion/ Заключение
Maintenance of stop devices
Maintenance system of flowing wells includes equipment of their wellheads with X-mas trees. Key elements of X-mas tree are stop devices.
Plug valve and straight-flow valve sealed with grease do not require much effort to control them. In the process of operation of X-mas tree equipped with straight-flow valves stem bearings must be greased every two-three months. Grease must be also packed in compliance with instructions through the choke in the valve body bottom. Integrity of the straight-flow valve gate is improved due to sealing grease, which is automatically supplied to the gate surface by the medium pressure in the valve body.
When X-mas tree with plug stop valves is installed on a well, sealing grease must be additionally packed into all plug valves the gate functioning must be tested. Grease is added with an oil feeder, which is screwed into the stem threaded hole in the place of the pressure bolt. In the process of grease packing the plug valve must be either fully open or fully closed.
When the plug valve is filled with grease the pressure bolt must be put into initial position. Regular greasing of plug valve sealing surfaces provides for continuous integrity of the gate.
For reliable functioning of the gate grease presence in plug valve system must be regularly checked and grease must be packed as required.
Straight-flow valve or plug valve repairs include: disassembling and washing of details in a kerosene bath, their calibration and rejection, repair of deteriorated details and fabrication of new details, assembling of the valve and hydraulic testing.
Simple in design details, which do not require special thermal treatment are fabricated in a mechanical repair shop.
The words to be memorized:
1. straight-flow valve – прямоточная задвижка;
2. plug stop valves – крановые запорные устройства;
3. sealing grease – уплотнительная смазка;
4. oil feeder – масленка;
5. pressure bolt – нажимной болт;
6. grease packing – набивка смазки;
7. calibration and rejection –промер и отбраковка.
EXERCISE 11 Make up your own sentences using the following words:
Control valves, choke, fittings, gate valves, quick-union connections, stop valves, safety valves, plug valves.
EXERCISE 12 Translate the following text into English.
Трубопроводная арматура
Трубопроводная арматура предназначена для управления потоками нефти, транспортируемой по трубопроводам. Арматура делится на три класса: запорная, регулирующая и предохранительная.
Запорная арматура (задвижки) служит для полного перекрытия сечения трубопровода, регулирующая (регуляторы давления) – для изменения давления или расхода перекачиваемой жидкости, предохранительная (обратные и предохранительные клапаны) – для защиты трубопроводов и оборудования при превышении допустимого давления, а также предотвращения обратных токов жидкости. Задвижками называются запорные устройства, в которых проходное сечение перекрывается поступательным перемещением затвора в направлении, перпендикулярном направлению движения нефти.
Регуляторами давления называются устройства, служащие для автоматического поддержания давления на требуемом уровне.
Предохранительными клапанами называются устройства, предотвращающие повышение давления в трубопроводе сверх установленной величины.
EXERCISE 13 Make up your own topic “Pipeline valves and fittings” and be ready to retell it and discuss with your group mates.
