Fishing tools

Sometimes items of drilling or production equipment get lost in the borehole. When an item of equipment is lost in the hole, it is called a “fish”. A lost item is also called “junk”. Operations in the wellbore cannot continue until the fish or the junk is recovered from the hole. To recover the lost item, a fishing job is necessary. Special fish­ing tools are used for latching on to the fish and pulling it out to the surface. There are many types of fishing tools. For example, there is a type of fishing tool called a “junk bas­ket”, and there is another type called a “spear”. These fishing tools are very different. The spear is used to recover lost tubing. The spear enters the bore of the lost pipe. The diam­eter of the spear, therefore, must be smaller than the diameter of the pipe in the hole. When the spear enters the pipe, its teeth push out and grip the inner sides of the pipe tightly. Then it is usually possible to pull the fish out of the hole.

The junk basket is used for latching on to smaller pieces of junk. It is used for recovering lost pieces of equipment, for example. The bottom part of the basket is a shoe with hard-faced teeth. The shoe has a hole in its center. The fish is forced through the hole and enters the barrel of the basket. Spring-loaded fingers prevent the fish from drop­ping out of the barrel and falling back into the well.

Before fishing can begin, the string must be tripped out of the hole. The string is broken out in stands and the stands are stood back in the derrick. After that the fishing can begin.

The words to be memorized:

1. Annual – ежегодный

2. Borehole – буровая скважина

3. Coil tubing – гибкие трубы

4. Displacement of down hole fluid – замещение внутри скважинной жидкости

5. Downholetubing – скважинный трубопровод;

6. Fishing jobs – ловильные работы

7. Fishing tools – инструменты для ловли

8. Fluid – жидкость

9. Junk basket – шламоловка

10. Junk – металлические обломки

11. Latch on – прикреплять

12. Maintain – позволить, поддержать

13. Mandatory – принудительный

14. Production rate – дебит

15. Reserve – обратный

16. Solvent – растворитель

17. Spear – внутренняя труболовка

18. Spring-loaded fingers – подпружиненные пальцы.

19. Squeeze – сжатие

20. Treatment – обработка

21. Water-sensitive – чувствительный к воде

22. Well killing – глушение скважины

23. Wire line technique – канатная техника

EXERCISE 3 Answer questions about the text.

1. Why is a junk basket hollow?

2. Why are there many types of fishing tools?

3. What is a spear used for?

4. What is a junk basket used for?

5. How is usually an item lost in the hole called?

6. What is the purpose of fishing jobs?

7. On what condition can fishing jobs start?

EXERCISE 4 Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones with the right information and discuss your answers with a partner.

1. To recover the lost item, a fishing job isn't necessary.

2. A lost item is also called “fish''.

3. Before fishing can begin, the string mustn't be tripped out of the hole.

4. Sometimes production equipment get lost in the borehole.

5. The diameter of the spear must be bigger than the diameter of the pipe in the hole.

EXERCISE 5 Insert the omitted word from the text

1. The junk __________ is used for latching on to smaller pieces of junk.

2. The shoe has a hole in its __________.

3. The fish is forced through the __________and enters the barrel of the basket.

4. Spring-loaded fingers prevent the__________ from dropping out of the __________and falling back into the well.

5. Operations in the wellbore cannot __________until the fish or the junk is recovered from the hole.

6. The __________is used to recover lost tubing.

7. The spear enters the bore of the lost __________.

8. The bottom __________of the basket is a shoe with hard-faced teeth.

Barrel, center, basket, hole, part, spear, pipe, continue, fish

EXERCISE 6 Make up sentences out of two parts from the table:

The shoe…	… there is another type called a “spear”.
Operations in the wellbore cannot continue …	… than the diameter of the pipe in the hole.
There is a type of fishing tool called a “junk basket”, and …	… has a hole in its center.
Spring-loaded fingers prevent the fish from …	… a shoe with hard-faced teeth.
When an item of equipment is lost …	… dropping out of the barrel and falling back into the well.
The bottom part of the basket is …	… until the fish or the junk is recovered from the hole.
The diameter of the spear, therefore, must be smaller …	… in the hole, it is called a «fish».

EXERCISE 7 Connect the terms with their definitions.

Fish	tools are used for latching on to the fish and pulling it out to the surface.
Junk basket	a combination of operations required to free wellbore of foreign objects (lost pipes, engines, etc.) to resume normal operations.
Spear	a tool used to collect metal cuttings and pieces at a well bottom after work with a mill.
Fishing tools	A lost item is also called.
Junk	when an item of equipment is lost in the hole, it is called.
Fishing jobs	type of fishing tools which used to recover lost tubing.

EXERCISE 8 Read and translate the texts.