Rig system

A rotary rig's main job is to make hole. To make hole, the drilling crew places a bit on bottom, then the driller rotates it and pumps drilling mud to it. A rig needs a multitude of equipment to make these operations happen. A first look at all the gear on a drilling rig can overwhelm you. It is, however, easy to understand a rig's components if you divide them into systems: power, hoisting, rotating, and circulating.

Power system includes:diesel engine 1, diesel engine 2, diesel engine 3 and electric motors.

Hoisting system includes:drawworks, cathead, blocks and drilling lines.

Rotating system includes:swivel, kelly, rotary table, top drive, drill pipe and drill bit.

Circulating system includes:drilling mud, mud pits, mud pumps, rotary hose, return line and shale shaker.

EXERCISE 7 Read and translate the text "Power system", fill in the missing words from the box before the text. There is one extra word.

rig; power; fuelt; driller; transfer; drilling; circulate; mix

Power system

Without 1. power nothing on a rig operates. Machinery must have an energy source to make it go. On virtually every drilling rig, the power comes from internal-combustion engines, which are called prime movers. Further, they often use diesel 2. . Because of the way diesel engines operate, they deliver more turning force, or torque, than gasoline engines. As a result, many industries, including the 3. industry, use diesels.

A 4. may need from two to four prime movers, depending on its size. The bigger the rig, the deeper it can drill and the more power it needs. Thus, big rigs have three or four prime movers. Together, they develop 4,500 horsepower (about 3,300 kilowatts) or more. In comparison, a powerful car engine may put out only 300 horsepower (220 kilowatts) or so; most develop even less.

This power must 5. to the rig's components to make them work. For example, at the same time as the rotary table needs power to turn the bit, the mud pump needs power to 6. drilling mud. What is more, to provide maximum power to a component, the 7. must also be able to combine the power of two or more engines. Two common methods transfer power on today's rigs and allow the driller to combine engine power: mechanical transmission and electrical transmission.

EXERCISE 8 Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones with the right information and discuss your answers with a partner.

1. The rig height is in propotion to well depth. ________

2. As a rule, big rigs have three prime movers.________

3. Diesel engines are used in drilling industry mainly because of its operation regime.______

4. There are two main ways of power transmission. ___________

5. Actually, power is generated by internal – combustion engines almost on all drilling rigs._____

EXERCISE 9 Read and translate the text "Hoisting system components", using the words after the text.