- •Астраханский государственный технический университет м.А. Григорьева с.А. Нурмухамбетова о.В. Фёдорова
- •Introduction/ введение
- •Petroleum industry: introduction to oil and gas
- •A brief history of petroleum – upstream, downstream, all around the stream
- •История нефти
- •Chapter II origin and accumulation of hydrocarbons
- •Formation of oil
- •How Oil Becomes Oil
- •Physical and Chemical Properties of Oil
- •Finding Oil
- •How to Find Oil
- •Fluid Flow
- •Oil and gas energy drives
- •Water-Drive Reservoirs
- •Коллекторы с газонапорным режимом
- •A crossword puzzle
- •Chapter III
- •Exploration Methods
- •How to Extract Oil
- •Joint usage of s-waves and p-waves
- •Seismic noises
- •Types of waves
- •Drilling mud
- •Text 1 Drilling
- •Text 2 Tools for core taking
- •Straight hole drilling
- •Text 1 blowout control
- •Text 2 well drilling equipment
- •Chapter V well design and well head equipment
- •Drilling Rig Components
- •Rig system
- •Hoisting system components
- •Text a Rotary system components
- •2) Read and translate the text b "Rotary system components". Define what is it in bold in each paragraph using the words before the text.
- •Circulating System
- •Text 1 emergency shut down systems
- •Text 2 wellhead
- •Chapter VI well completion and woRкOver operations
- •Completion
- •Fishing tools
- •Text 1 Well killing fluids
- •Text 2 Well workover
- •Chapter VII oil production
- •Production
- •Artificial lift
- •Text 1 electrical submersible pumps
- •Text 2 fluid injection
- •Chapter VIII oil treatment, transportation and storage
- •Types of storage tanks
- •Bolted tanks
- •Tank battery operation
- •Oil gathering facilities
- •Selection of separator internals
- •Замеры емкости
- •Chapter II pipeline valves and fittings
- •Pipe Joints and Fittings
- •Valve body
- •Choke replacement
- •Maintenance of stop devices
- •Chapter III oil refining
- •Heat content
- •Refining methods
- •Gas fractionation plants
- •Chapter IV health, safety, environment
- •Health, safety, environment
- •Bp's 8 golden rules of safety
- •Sour gas
- •Text 1 acid treatment
- •Text 2 well service
- •Text 3 drilling rig
- •Chapter VI
- •The impact of mining and oil extraction on the environment
- •Chapter VII
- •The effect of extracting, delivering and using petroleum products on the environment
- •Drilling contractors
- •Service and supply companies
- •Unit III chapter I main parts of a rotary rig
- •Chapter II the hoisting system
- •Chapter III the fluid circulating system
- •Chapter IV the rotary system
- •Chapter V the well control system
- •Chapter VI well monitoring system
- •Chapter VII special marine equipment
- •Chapter VIII rotary drilling bits
- •Part II
- •Creekology
- •How are oil and natural gas produced?"
- •Range of explored depths
- •Diamond bits
- •Spontaneous well deviation
- •Water flooding
- •Completion methods
- •Text 10
- •Formation stimulation
- •Text 11
- •Tank gaging
- •Text 12
- •Pipeline valves
- •Text 13
- •Refineries
- •Text 14
- •Migration and Accumulation of Petroleum
- •Text 15
- •Porosity
- •Text 16
- •Permeability
- •Text 17
- •Wettability
- •Text 18
- •Wire Well Logging Techniques
- •Conclusion/ Заключение
Коллекторы с газонапорным режимом
Нефть в подземных коллекторах содержит растворенные в ней различные количества газа, который появляется и расширяется по мере понижения давления в коллекторе. Когда газ выходит из нефти и расширяется, он движет нефть через коллектор к скважинам и способствует ее подъему к поверхности. Коллекторы, из которых добыча производится при помощи выхода и расширения растворенного в нефти газа, называются коллекторами с «напорным режимом растворенного газа». Такой процесс добычи нефти обычно считается наименее эффективным режимом, позволяющим максимально получить от 15 до 25 % содержащейся в коллекторе нефти.
EXERCISE 28 Add the missing words to this puzzle.
A crossword puzzle
Across
It is piece of equipment that exists atop (the exposed area above ground) of a well.
Easiness with which oil can be poured. It means thick oil.
Easiness with which fluid can move through porous rock. It means numerous channels for oil and gas migration.
It is the geological process by which sediments, soil, and rocks are added to a landform or land mass.
Down
It is a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface.
This reservoir is geological structure or trap which this has migrated and within which it has been trapped and has accumulated.
Availability of pore spaces between rock particles. It is a ratio of open space to total volume of rock and is calculated in percentage.
Underground reservoir that prevents the escape of oil contained in it.
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