2. Discuss the following questions:
Imagine that you are a gifted young scientist. What problem would you like t: investigate?
If you were an inventor, what would your efforts be aimed at? What kind o invention would you like to make?
What are the most essential qualities of a good scientist?
What do you consider to be the most important science? Why?
It is common knowledge that society benefits from the activity of its members Compare the contribution of artists to the society with that of scientists. Whose contribution do you think is more valuable (is more appreciated by our society)?
3. Decide whether the statement is true or false:
Heorhiy Vorony was a mathematician.
All his papers were of great significance.
Heorhiy Vorony was born in Poltava region.
After finishing gymnasium he entered Warsaw University.
4. Fill in the gaps:
The name of Myron Zarytsky, ..gifted and inspired pedagogue is very little known in Ukraine.
Myron Zarytsky entered ... and continued his studies at Lviv University.
In Lviv he gained his ... and wrote about 20 scientific works.
His activity at Lviv University, ... was intense and interesting.
5. Correct the following false statements:
Mykhailo Kravchuk’s research works promoted the development of the first nuclear bomb.
He died at the age of 80.
The name of Mykhailo Kravchuk was well known in Ukraine.
M.Kravchuk became an associate professor at the age of 33.
6. Complete the following sentences:
The founder of mathematical culture in Ukraine, Volodymyr Levytsky was the first to write his scientific papers ....
V. Levytsky collected and compiled Ukrainian terminology dictionary in mathematics and physics, which ....
His articles were written in many languages: Ukrainian, ....
7. Answer the following questions:
Where and when was M.Ostrohradsky born?
Who insisted on M.Ostrohradsky’s entering Kharkiv University?
What did Mykhailo do in Paris?
How many works devoted to different branches of mathematics did he write?
8. Memorize the essential vocabulary and translate the sentences containing it:
appreciate - високо цінувати - to be grateful for; judge rightly the value of; understand and enjoy, e.g. You can’t properly appreciate the contribution of Ukrainian scientists into the world science, unless you study their scientific heritage. appreciation - висока оцінка, розуміння - proper understanding and recognition, e.g. Scientific heritage of our prominent countrymen deser\>es appreciation.
award - нагороджувати - to give as a prize, reward or judgement, e.g. Hryhoriy Sharpak was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1992 for the design of a nuclear particle detector.
benefit - отримувати користь - to do good to; to receive help or profit, e.g. World science has benefited greatly from the contribution made by Ukrainian scholars, researchers and inventors.
benefit - користь, вигода, прибуток - help, profit, e.g. Other countries have derived benefit from the inventions and discoveries made by Ukrainians.
claim one’s right to - заявити про свої права на щось - demand recognition that one has a right to, e.g. Ivan Puluy couldn’t claim his right to the discovery of invisible X-rays as he had not published the results of his investigation.
consider - вважати, розглядати - think about; be of the opinion, regard as, e.g. Yuriy Kotermak (Drohobych) is considered to be one of the first Ukrainians to have paved the way into the world science.
countryman - земляк - compatriot, e.g. We are proud of our prominent countrymen.
contribute - робити внесок - join with others in giving ideas, help, money etc., e.g. Ukrainian scientists have contributed invaluable ideas to nearly all fields of science and engineering.
contribution - внесок - act of contributing, e.g. Tsiolkovsky made a great contribution to the development of space engineering.
decide - вирішити - come to a conclusion; make up one’s mind, e.g. After getting acquainted with Tsiolkovsky's works, Serhiy Koroliov decided to devote his life to space engineering.
decisiveness - рішучість - the quality of being decisive, i.e. showing decision; definite, e.g. Decisiveness is the main feature of his character. indecision - нерішучість - the state or quality of being indecisive, i.e. not decisive, indefinite, e.g. Because of Puluy’s indecision the results of his X-rays investigation were not published in their proper time.
develop - розвивати, -ся II розробляти - a) grow or make larger or more mature;
work out, elaborate, e.g. In spite of numerous obstacles Ukrainian scientific societies were constantly developing their activity. Koroliov developed a number of rockets and rocket-carriers.
development - розвиток, розробка, e.g. The economic and cultural development of provinces of the empire was neglected. They got acquainted with the latest developments in the field of molecular physics.
devote - присвячувати - dedicate; to give (one’s time, energy, etc.) to, e.g. Many scientists devoted their lives to some investigations which led them to great discoveries.
to be devoted - бути відданим, бути присвяченим - be very loving or loyal, e.g. Though many Ukrainian scientists had to leave their Motherland, they were always devoted to it.
discover - відкривати - to find out; to find by exploration; to make a discovery, e.g. Ivan Puluy was the first to discover X-rays which are known as Roentgen’s nowadays.
discovery - відкриття - discovering; the thing discovered, e.g. The discoveries made by Oleksandr Zasiadko, Mykola Kybalchych, Kostiantyn Tsiolkovsky are known to have paved the way into outer space.
encourage - заохочувати - give hope, courage or confidence to; support, e.g. Creative activity of Ukrainian talented people was not encouraged by foreign rulers.
enrich - збагачувати to make rich; improve in quality, e.g. Our prominent countrymen have enriched the world science with their brilliant ideas, inventions and knowledge.
fruitful - плідний - producing good results, e.g. The end of the 19-th century was especially fruitful for the development of Ukrainian science.
grant a patent - видати патент - to allow to have, give a patent, e.g. Oleksandr Smakula was granted many patents in the f ield of optics and laser technology.
hold a post - займати посаду - occupy, have the position of, e.g. Ivan Puluy held the post of Rector at Prague Higher Technical School.
hush up - замовчувати - prevent from becoming public knowledge, e.g. Many distinguished people of Ukrainian origin remain unknown up to this day, as their names were deliberately hushed up during the years of the Soviet regime.
investigate - досліджувати - make a careful study of, try to get more information by study or research, e.g. In this laboratory they investigate properties of gases. investigation - дослідження - careful study, research, e.g. Who will carry out the investigation of this phenomenon?
invisible - невидимий - that cannot be seen, e.g. Puluy began his investigation of the invisible rays in 1877.
legacy - спадщина - something handed down from ancestors or predecessors, e.g. Scientific legacy of our countrymen is really remarkable.
outstanding/prominent - видатний - attracting attention, distinguished or important, e.g. Many physicists investigated semiconductors, but one of the most outstanding of them was Abraham Yoffe born in the town of Romny in Ukraine.
particular - особливий - special, e.g. The Shevchenko Scientific Society has always played a particular role in the formation of young scholars’ outlook.
pay tribute - віддавати належне - show one’s respect or admiration, e.g. We should pay tribute to the genius of Yuriy Kondratiuk who presented his theory’ of in terplanetary space flights in 1929.
promote - сприяти - help the progress of something or somebody, e.g. The political rulers of the country didn’t promote scientific research at the provincial educational establishments.
prosper - процвітати - do well, be successful, flourish, e.g. A lot of scholars moved to the capital of the empire where science was prospering.
prosperity - процвітання - the state of being successful, e.g. Industrial revolution has brought prosperity to the country.
prosperous - що процвітає, заможний - successful, rich, flourishing, e.g. The central regions of the empire were much more prosperous than the province.
recognize - визнавати - acknowledge, to accept smth/smb officially, e.g. The scientific achievements of those scholars who refused to support the Stalinist regime, were not officially recognized.
recognition. - визнання - acknowledgment, e.g. Kyrydo Synelnykov (born in Dnipropetrovsk region) won wide recognition in the field of nuclear physics.
reflect - відображати - express, show the nature or quality of something,
g. Science not only reflects the level of the development of society, but also greatly influences this development.
revive - відроджувати, -ся - come or bring back into existence or to an earlier state, e.g. Many national traditions have been revived in our country.
revival - відродження - coming or bringing back into existence or to an earlier stage, e.g. The proclamation of independence of Ukraine led to the revival of national self-consciousness.
search - пошук - looking for, e.g. The search for new sources of energy is still going on.
self-consciousness - самосвідомість - awareness of one’s own existence, thoughts and actions, e.g. The revival of national self-consciousness man ifested itself in ever- increasing interest of people in the national history, art and science.
society - суспільство, товариство - a) social community; b) organization of persons formed with a purpose; association, e.g. Some people consider that society should fund scientific research. In the 19th century, scientific societies often organized lectures on the latest achievements of science for general public.
success - успіх - achieving one’s aim, e.g. Some scientists generated a lot of valuable ideas, but failed to achieve success in their implementation.
successful - успішний - having success, e.g. Serhiy Koroliov supervised a lot of successful space programs.
versatile - багатогранний - many-sided, e.g. Puluy’s versatile creative activity made him famous in both science and literature.