4. Answer the questions:

1. What rays do belong to the same family?

2. They travel at the velocity of light, do not they?

3. Has the wave both electric and magnetic components?

4. What waves do we call infra-red and ultra-violet?

5. What are the “health-giving” rays?

6. What effect of the ultra-violet rays is important for the promotion of bone-growth?

7. Is the use of these rays in diagnosis a powerful weapon of medicine?

8. Is X-raying very important in metallic welding?

9. X-rays were discovered by Rentgen, were not they?

5. Complete the sentences using the words in brackets

(X-rays, medicine, wave, metallic welding, enormous speed, powerful weapon, "health-giving").

1. Radio waves, light… and some cosmic rays — they all belong to the same family.

2. The discovery of X-rays was quickly followed by its application to

3. The… has both electric and magnetic components.

4. X-raying is very important in…

5. All these electromagnetic waves travel through the ether at the same…

6. The use of these rays in diagnosis is a… of medicine.

7. Ultra-violet rays are familiar to most people as the particular art of sunlight that is …

6. Translate into English:

• Рентген

• Підсумувати

• Радіохвилі

• Гамма промені

• Діагноз

• Застосування в медицині

• Тестування якості

• Певні товари

• Довжина

• Різний ефект

• Величезна швидкість

• Цінне застосування

• Шкіра

• Сонячне світло

7. Make up the plan according to the text.

8. Ask the questions of four types to the following sentences:

1) X-raying is very important in metallic welding.

2) The use of these rays in diagnosis is a powerful weapon of medicine.

3) The discovery of X-rays was quickly followed by its application to medicine.

4) Ultra-violet rays are familiar to most people as the particular art of sunlight that is "health-giving".

Unit 14.

ELECTRONIC COMPUTING MACHINES

1. Read and translate the text: electronic computing machines

All the electronic computers consist of five main parts. The first part is an arithmetic unit which is capable of performing the fundamental arithmetic operations at a very high speed. The second part of a computer is the store or "memory", which holds the numbers which form the initial data or arise at the intermediate stages of a computation.

The third part of a computer is the "control" unit. This takes the coded instructions in the correct sequence and causes them to be obeyed. There are many different types of codes used on existing machines. Inside the machine the numbers and instructions are stored as electronic pulses, small magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials or in some similar manner. A problem must be fed into the machine. The fourth part of an electronic computer is the unit which does this and it is called the "input". In most existing machines the input consists of a reader which will convert information which is punched either on cards or on paper tape into the pulse form with which the machine operates internally.

The fifth part of the machine therefore, is an output unit by means of which final answers, and sometimes intermediate results, are communicated to the outside world. The most common forms of output are punched card or punched tape equipment and electrically-operated typewriters.

2.Remember the new words and expressions:

• arithmetic unit – арифметична сполука

• memory – пам’ять

• initial data – початкова інформація

• intermediate stages – проміжкові ступені

• control unit – контрольна сполука

• correct sequence –правильна послідовність

• electronic pulses – електронні ритми

• internally - внутрішньо

• input - вхід

• output unit – вихідна сполука

3. Answer the questions:

   1. How many parts do all electronic computers consist?

   2. What is the first part?

   3. What do you know about the second part?

   4. Is the third part of a computer the "control" unit?

   5. Are there many different types of codes used on existing machines?

   6. What do we call input?

   7. Is the fifth part of the machine an output unit?

4. Finish the sentences:

1. All the electronic computers consist of…

2. The third part of a computer is the…

3. There are many different types of codes used…

4. A problem must be fed into the…

5. The fourth part of an electronic computer is called the …

5. Make up a dialogue about the Electronic computing machines. Use the following expressions:

• Different types of codes

• Computation

• Paper tape

• Outside world

• Similar manner

• Existing machines

• Magnetic materials

• Output unit

6. Complete the sentences using the words in brackets:

(electronic computer, correct sequence, fundamental arithmetic operations, intermediate stages, magnetic materials

1. The fourth part of an…. is the unit which does this and it is called the "input".2. This takes the coded instructions in the… and causes them to be obeyed.3. The first part is an arithmetic unit which is capable of performing the… at a very high speed.

4. The second part of a computer is the store or "memory", which holds the numbers which form the initial data or arise at the… of a computation.5. Inside the machine the numbers and instructions are stored as electronic pulses, small magnetic dipoles in…or in some similar manner.