- •Предисловие
- •Lesson I Topic: The Aims of Education
- •1) Verbs
- •2) Adjectives
- •3) Nouns
- •Easy-going self-centred semi-final pro-government
- •In to from of on at with for
- •3.1. Reading comprehension
- •Read the following summary and underline the correct item. Then read the text to find out whether your choices were correct
- •Fill in the correct prepositions
- •Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Make up 5 all types of questions.
- •Skim the text to find the English equivalents of the following Russian ones:
- •The Aims of Education
- •Discuss the following questions in groups of 2-3. Make good use of topical vocabulary
- •2. Develop the following ideas according to the text.
- •3. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •The age of knowledge
- •4. Comment on the following statements
- •5. Fill in the blanks with the following links and express your opinion concerning the information in the text
- •6. Discuss the following points:
- •7. Support or refute the following statements:
- •1. Translate the following sentences
- •3. Complete the following sentences
- •4. Translate into English
- •5. Write an essay (120-180 words) on the following topics:
- •Lesson II Topic: The art of writing
- •1. Study the following target patterns.
- •2. Translate the sentences from English into Russian, using the patterns above.
- •3. Translate the sentences into English, using the patterns above:
- •Reading Comprehension
- •1. Skim the text (read quickly without attention to detail). Select what you think are the main points in paragraphs 1-8.
- •2. Read paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 more carefully and decide which of the following statements are true and which are false.
- •3. Make a list of key words and phrases for every paragraph.
- •4. Make a list of phrases used to express the author’s opinion.
- •5. Read the text and find answers to the following questions:
- •8. Skim the text to find the English equivalents for the following:
- •The Art of Writing
- •1. Develop the following statements according to the text:
- •2. Comment on the following statements.
- •3. Discuss the following questions in groups of 2-4. Make good use of topical vocabulary (See Section 3 task 10 11)
- •4. Dialogue
- •5. Read the text below and discuss with a partner weather poetry is read and appreciated only by artistic-minded people. Do we really need poetry?
- •Heat and Dust
- •7. Before listening: group/pair work.
- •8. Summarize the following in English. Make use of the vocabulary given below.
- •Lesson III Topic: People Аren’t Born Prejudiced Section 1
- •2. Translate the sentences into Russian using the patterns above.
- •1. Verbs
- •2. Adjectives
- •Insidious, derogatory, blameworthy, unaware, genuine, subtle, deficient, unconscious, intelligent
- •3. Nouns
- •Read the text and find the English equivalents for the following Russian ones.
- •Ian stevenson
- •Develop the following statements according to the text
- •Comment on the following statements
- •3. Develop the following topics relying upon the Russian equivalents given.
- •4. Discuss the following questions in groups of 2 - 3. Make good use of topical vocabulary
- •5. Practice reading the following dialogue in pairs, working at your pronunciation and expression. Learn it by heart and perform it with a partner in front of the class.
- •6. Listen to the story and pick up factual information to disprove Jeremy’s arguments in the dialogue above for the spread of prejudiced thinking in the usa.
- •10. Render the following text in English using active vocabulary.
- •11. Comment on the following quotations. What kind of prejudice is discussed in every particular case? Do you agree or disagree with a message? Make good use of topical vocabulary.
- •12. Contradict or support the following statement in the form of debates:
- •1. Complete the following phrases in writing:
- •Develop arguments to prove or disprove the following in the form of a written statement (a paragraph long):
- •3. Write an essay (120 – 180 words) on one of the following topics.
- •Lesson IV Topic: Is Love an art?
- •1. Study the following target patterns.
- •2. Translate the sentences from English into Russian, using the patterns above.
- •Translate the sentences into English, using the patterns above:
- •Section 2.
- •1. Verbs:
- •3. Nouns:
- •3.1. Reading comprehension
- •1. Skim the text (read quickly without attention to detail). In the first 4 paragraphs the main points are underlined. Select what you think are the main points in paragraphs 5-10.
- •2. Read paragraphs 2, 4, 6, 8 more carefully and decide which of the following statements are true and which are false.
- •3. Scan every paragraph to find key words or phrases through which the topic of a paragraph is developed.
- •4. Scan every paragraph to find words or phrases to indicate sequential relationship between the sentences in it.
- •5. Read the text paying attention to detail and find answers to the following questions:
- •9. Skim the text to find the English equivalents of the following:
- •Is love an art? Erich Fromm
- •Discuss the following questions in groups of 2-3. Make good use of topical vocabulary (See Section 3, task 8):
- •2. Work in pairs. Basing on the key words and phrases guess the number of the paragraph and retell it, trying to be as close to the source text as possible. Correct your partner and help to improve.
- •4. Dialogue.
- •1) Practice reading the following dialogue in pairs, working at your pronunciation and expression. Learn it by heart and perform it with a partner in front of the class.
- •5. Read two texts below and discuss them with a partner to find out which of them is about marriage in Britain and which about marriage in the usa. Retell the texts.
- •6. Listen to a story by o. Henry. Discuss it in groups of 3-4 until you are ready to sum up its message. Guess its title.
- •8. Read the two interviews below and working with a partner answer the questions that follow. Pay attention to the use of phrasal verbs. Add them to the list of topical vocabulary.
- •9. Talk on the following, making good use of topical vocabulary:
- •10. Contradict or support the following statement in the form of debates:
- •Insert the links from the box below to fill in the blanks in the following essay. Determine their functions.
- •Lesson V Topic: The Virtues of Ambition
- •2. Translate the sentences from English into Russian, using the patterns above.
- •3. Translate the sentences into English, using the patterns above.
- •3. Nouns:
- •3.1. Reading Comprehension
- •1. Skim the text (read quickly without attention to detail). In the first 4 paragraphs the main points are underlined. Select what you think are the main points in paragraphs 5-10.
- •2. Read paragraphs 4, 8, 11, 14 more carefully and decide which of the following statements are true and which are false.
- •3. Make a list of key words and phrases for every paragraph. Choose from those in italics.
- •4. A. Make a list of transition signals connecting the paragraphs of the text. Choose from those in italics.
- •5. Read the text paying attention to detail and find answers to the following questions:
- •9. Skim the text to find the English equivalents of the following:
- •The Virtues of Ambition
- •1. Discuss the following questions in groups of 2-4. Make good use of topical vocabulary (See Section 3, task 8, points a and b)
- •4. Dialogue.
- •1) Practice reading the following dialogue in pairs, working at your pronunciation and expression. Learn it by heart and perform it with a partner in front of the class.
- •3) Your friend feels worried and unhappy because of some ambition. Discuss the problem with him/her. Help to find a solution. Make use of the expressions below and the topical vocabulary.
- •5. Read two texts below and discuss with a partner arguments to prove that ambition is a healthy impulse. Give both texts suitable titles. Retell the texts.
- •6. Listen to a story by j. G. Gozzens. Discuss it in groups of 3-4 until you are ready to sum up its message and guess its title.
- •2. Using word-combinations from the list of topical vocabulary (Section 3, task 8) at your own choice and some of the links above, write a paragraph to disclose the following topic sentence:
- •3. Prove the opposite in the form of a written statement.
- •4. Develop arguments to prove the following points and make written statements.
- •5. Write a composition on one of the following topics:
- •Lesson VI Topic: On the meaning of Life
- •1. Study the following target patterns.
- •2. Translate the sentences from English into Russian, using the patterns above.
- •2. Translate the sentences into English, using the patterns above.
- •3.1. Reading Comprehension
- •1. Skim the text (read quickly without attention to detail). In the first 3 paragraphs the main points are underlined. Select what you think are the main points in paragraphs 4-8.
- •2. Read the introduction and paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 more carefully and decide which of the following statements are true and which are false.
- •3. Make a list of key words and phrases for every paragraph.
- •4. A) Make a list of linking words and phrases connecting the ideas of the text.
- •5. Read the text and find answers to the following questions:
- •9. Skim the text to find the English equivalents of the following:
- •10. Sum up the text in 12 sentences and add two-three more to comment on it.
- •3.2. Phonetic Reading
- •1. Transcribe and mark the stresses in the following words. Practice reading them out loud:
- •On the Meaning of Life
- •1. Discuss the following questions in groups of 2-4. Make good use of topical vocabulary (See Section 3, task 8)
- •3. Working with a partner and discussing every point fill in the blanks with the links from the box below:
- •Dialogue.
- •1) Practice reading the following dialogue in pairs, working at your pronunciation and expression. Learn it by heart and perform it with a partner in front of the class.
- •5. Read two texts below and discuss with a partner arguments that reveal the author’s ideas on the meaning of life.
- •6. Before listening: group/pair work.
- •2) Einstein on the Meaning of Life
- •8. Talk on the following, making good use of topical vocabulary:
- •9. Contradict or support the following statement after discussing it in groups:
- •1. Insert the links from the box below to fill in the blanks in the following essay.
- •Содержание
Предисловие
Принято считать, что в овладении иностранным языком первостепенную роль играет чтение. Однако это справедливо только в отношении начального этапа, когда чтение – цель, а не средство изучения языка. Для продолжающих, чтение является средством получения информации о мире, об изучаемом языке, а так же о тех специфических единицах языка и речи, которые могут стать своеобразным «строительным материалом» для построения собственных высказываний на иностранном языке в связи с обсуждаемой темой, как в устной, так и в письменной форме.
Поскольку настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, продолжающих изучение английского языка, его целью является совершенствование навыков чтения, слушания, говорения и письма, т.е. устной и письменной речи в целом. Оно выполнено на материале аутентичных текстов и содержит специально разработанные упражнения и задания, способствующие более качественной проработке и более прочному усвоению пройденного языкового материала.
Пособие состоит из шести уроков, каждый из которых подразделяется на пять частей в соответствии с этапом предполагаемой работы над материалом урока. Первые две части представляют собой предтекстовые задания, направленные на снятие грамматических и лексических трудностей, с которыми студенты могут столкнуться в процессе работы с основным текстом урока: часть 1 – «Целевые модели», часть 2 – «Целевая лексика».
Третья часть «Чтение» включает основной текст и, во-первых, ряд притекстовых заданий по просмотровому, поисковому и филологическому чтению, а во-вторых ряд послетекстовых заданий, направленных на осмысление прочитанного.
Четвертая часть каждого из уроков называется «Обсуждение и дискуссия» и включает в себя задания, целью которых является обсуждение смыслового содержания прочитанного текста в группах. Расширение круга проблем для обсуждения и дискуссии достигается с помощью дополнительных текстов для чтения и прослушивания, диалогов и цитируемых высказываний великих людей. В этой части урока предлагается много творческих заданий, способствующих большему вовлечению студентов в процесс обсуждения и соответствующим образом повышающих их мотивацию.
Пятая часть урока называется «Письмо» и направлена на совершенствование навыков письменной речи, в частности, написания эссе. В этой части урока студентам предлагаются задания, направленные на повторение и закрепление навыков и умений работы над материалом для будущего эссе, его планирования, отбора необходимых лексических и грамматических средств выражения и аргументации, решения проблем единства и связности и т.п.
Таким образом, настоящее пособие предлагает целостный подход к решению учебных задач и способствует повышению уровня языковой компетенции обучаемых.
Lesson I Topic: The Aims of Education
Section 1
Target Patterns
1. a) Such criticism, when well-founded and constructive, is in no way demeaning for the willingness to accept it and learn from it is one mark of a mature individual. - Та критика, которая хорошо обоснована и конструктивна, никоим образом не унизительна, поскольку желание признать ее и извлечь из этого урок – признак зрелой личности. b) A democracy, however, cannot afford to transform its educational system into a Causus-race, for the success of a democracy depends in great part upon the understanding and capability of its citizens. - В демократическом обществе нельзя позволить себе превращать систему образования в объект предвыборной гонки, поскольку успех демократии в большей степени зависит от самосознания и способностей его граждан. |
2. Never have so many spent so long learning so little. - Никогда не было столь много затрат на то, чтобы выучить так мало. |
3. It is painful to have one’s ignorance exposed and frustrating to be baffled by intellectual subtleties. - Всегда болезненно воспринимается интеллектуальное невежество и бывает унизительно, когда вас загоняют в тупик. |
4. a) And that he means well is no reason why he should not be criticized for an inadequate performance. - И даже если он понимает все правильно, почему его не следует критиковать за плохое выполнение. b) But in both cases the joy is a result of overcoming genuine chellengers and cannot be experienced without toil. - И в обоих случаях радость является результатом преодоления настоящих трудностей, и не может быть достигнута без тяжелого труда. |
Ex.1. Translate the sentences from English into Russian, using the patterns above.
The teacher ought to have been told about making arrangements in advance.
Only when they had criticized her report did she start working hard.
He didn’t yield to their demand, for they had to provide more arguments.
Why shouldn’t they be provided with additional translation?
She can’t make an arrangement with you now, for she has had her report translated.
No sooner had we turned in our papers than he asked us to evaluate the thesis.
Yesterday she got her review heavily criticized.
Did you have your laboratory report checked yesterday?
Such a mature individual was he that he was offered carrying out an experiment.
He used to like having his students prepared when he taught at the university.
They can’t be given such a task for they must be taught how to do it beforehand.
Hardly ever had they performed the work when the professor suggested to arrange a discussion.
Ex. 2. Translate the sentences into English, using the patterns above:
Выступая перед большой аудиторией, он был настолько внимательным, что ни разу не ошибся.
Вам следует пройти интервью после психологического тестирования.
Пока все работы не были проверены, нам не сообщили результаты.
Студенту разрешили сдавать экзамен заранее, так как у него были все тесты зачтены.
Не успели мы войти в класс, как прозвенел звонок на урок.
Наконец, они получили свои отчеты напечатанными.
Возможно, об этом методе забыли, поскольку требовалось решить проблему в кратчайшие сроки.
Как только они решили одну проблему, сразу же появилась другая.
Нет смысла рассказывать об этом подробно, так как здесь у нас другая задача.
Я уверен, что она подготовила доклад.
Вопрос следует обсудить на собрании сегодня, поскольку решение необходимо представить на следующей неделе.
У него должны быть все курсовые работы зачтенными.
Ex. 3. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate form of the verb.
The courses which ….. by a college or university are called its curriculum (give). The complete curriculum ….. in the prospectus of the institution (outline). It gives the requirements for entry to each course, as well as the credits which ….. for the course (give). Each course ….. as giving a specified number of credits (designate). For graduation usually about 120 credits …… for schools using the semester calendar (require).
In selecting their courses students …… freedom by schools (give). Almost all schools have a certain number of required subjects. Nonrequired courses called electives can also ……..by students (choose). Usually students ……. more opportunity to choose by liberal-arts colleges than do technical schools (give).
Ex. 4. Rewrite the following passages in the passive. In some sentences there is no need to do it. Make up 5 types of questions.
Grading is a method used in schools to record students achievements. Almost every school keeps a record of each student’s achievements in order to have some basis for measuring his progress. The record supplies information for reports to parents. Universities and colleges often use this information to help determine whether they should admit a student.
For a long time, the most common method of recording achievement was by percentage, with a mark, or grade, of 100 per cent representing perfect achievement. The minimum mark for a pass as usually 70 per cent, and for average work, about 80 per cent. Today, the letters A,B,C,D,E, and occasionally F, are much more commonly used. The mark A stands for exceptional achievement, and E or F means failure.
A few schools use no marking system at all. Instead, each teacher writes a detailed letter to the parents. Such letters report the student’s progress, attitude, activities, and social adjustment.
Ex. 5. Fill each blank with the articles ( definite, indefinite, zero).
…American Association of State Colleges and Universities statement on … career education is one of … best. It speaks of … career education as … “composite of activities, experiences, and results that prepare … people for … successful transition to work, along with … rewarding personal life-style”. It also says … career education is … life-long process that begins in … primary years and that increases occupational training but keeps what … Association calls “ … liberal arts base”.
I myself think that … career education is at … bottom … spirit, … mood … vague sense that all education ought to be more related than it has been to … manpower needs and … demands of … economy. … most business leaders said that what they most desire from … school and colleges is not more vocational education but … elimination of … serious deficiencies among … younger employees in … basic skills as writing, speech, mathematics, computer use and … knowledge of how … government and … economy really work.
Section 2
Target words
Ex.1. Write the missing words in the sentences below instead of their definitions in brackets in the required form. Choose from the following:
