Photos avifauna studied at coastline area

BLACK DRONGOS BLACK HOODED ORIOLE

JUNGLE BABLER ASIAN KOEL

RUFOUS TREEPIE BLACK DRONGO

SPOTTED DOVE INDIAN JUNGLE CROW

MAGPIE ROBIN SMALL MINIVET

LESSER GOLDENBACK WOODPECKER

GREEN BEE EATER ASIAN PALM SWIFT

RED WISHKERED BULBUL INDIAN ROLLER

WHITE THROATED KINGFISHER POND HERON

SCALY-BELLIED WOODPECKER

Avifauna observed in the estuarine area is given as follows:-

COMMON SANDPIPER

WHITE THROATED KINGFISHER COMMON KINGFISHER

GREEN BEE EATER

CONCLUSION:-

In case of coastline area it is found that the birds which fed extensively on insects and smaller mammals are found. The birds include babblers, barn owl ,scaly bellied woodpecker, yellow throated woodpecker, Green bee eater ,small minivet and rufous treepie.

In case of estuarine area the birds which fed on fishes are extensively found.

Examples are kingfisher, cormorants, egrets, sandpipers, pond heron.

All total four species of egrets are found:-

1 Great Egret

2 Cattled Egret

3 Intermediate Egret

4 Little Egret

Two species of kingfisher are also found:-

1 White Throated Kingfisher

2 Common Kingfisher

The above chart shows residential and migratory avifaunal species distribution

GRAPHS:-

THE ABOVE CHART SHOWS THE SPECIES DENSITY

THE ABOVE CHART SHOWS THE SPECIES ABUNDANCE

CRAB BEHAVIOR STUDY AT TAJPUR

Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) usually entirely hidden under the thorax. They live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton and have a single pair of claws.

Ghost crabs are semiterrestrial crabs of the subfamily Ocypodinae. They are common shore crabs in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world, inhabiting deep burrows in the intertidal zone. They are generalist scavengers and predators of small animals. The name "ghost crab" derives from their nocturnality and their generally pale coloration. They are also sometimes called sand crabs, though the name refers to various other crabs that do not belong to the subfamily.

Characteristics of the subfamily include one claw being larger than the other, thick and elongated eyestalks, and a box-like body. The differences in claw sizes, however, are not as marked as in male fiddler crabs. The subfamily includes 22 species in two genera.

Ocypodinae is one of two subfamilies in the family Ocypodidae, the other being the fiddler crab subfamily, Ucinae. Both subfamilies have members in which one of the claw-bearing legs (the chelipeds) are much larger than the other. However, only male fiddler crabs exhibit this, while both male and female ghost crabs have unequally sized claws. The difference is also much more pronounced among fiddler crab males. The fiddler crabs' carapaces are broadened at the front, while the carapaces of ghost crabs are more or less box-like. Lastly, the eyes of ghost crabs have large and elongated eyestalks, with the corneas occupying the entire lower part, while in fiddler crabs the eyestalks are long and thin, with the corneas small and located at the tip.