Calculation on species frequency Species frequency – this involves calculating the percentage of quadrates that contain each plant species.

Frequency (in %) = (no. of quadrates in which species occurred ) divided by (the total no. of quadrates studied ) x 100

SPECIES NAME	SPECIES FREQUENCY	Frequency (in %) = (no. of quadrates in which species occurred ) divided by (the total no. of quadrates studied ) x 100
1 CASUARINA SP	[2÷3]×100	66.66
2 OPUNTIA SP	[2÷3]×100	66.66
3 CALOTROPIS SP	[1÷3]×100	33.33
4 AZADIRACHTA INDICA	[1÷3]×100	33.33
5 SUEDA MARITIMA	[1÷3]×100	33.33
6 SPINIFEX LITTOREUS	[1÷3]×100	33.33
7 GRASS	[2÷3]×100	66.66
8 OTU 1	[1÷3]×100	33.33
9 OTU2	[1÷3]×100	33.33
10 OTU3	[1÷3]×100	33.33
11 OTU4	[1÷3]×100	33.33
12 OTU5	[1÷3]×100	33.33
13 OTU6	[2÷3]×100	66.66
14 OTU7	[1÷3]×100	33.33
15 OTU8	[1÷3]×100	33.33

The above diagram showing the species frequency

AVIFAUNA STUDY AT TALSARI

Diversity of avifauna is one of the most important ecological indicators to evaluate the quality of habitats. Now-a-days, avifaunal diversity has been decreasing due to the destruction of natural habitats and human disturbances. Random destruction of natural habitats by cutting nesting trees and foraging plants for commercial use of woods and lands are the main factor responsible for narrow down in avian foraging habitat and their nesting sites. Thus, many species of birds may be forced to inhabit in the urban areas and constrain them to breed there. Birds are essential animal group of an ecosystem and maintain a trophic level. Therefore, detail study on avifauna and their ecology is important to protect them.

Avifauna i.e. birds form an Interesting part of biodiversity study to analyze the faunal behavior in coastal ecosystem. This is because of the following reasons:-

1. Fauna which generally include animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates are not that much prevalent in the coastal area of Talsari [except crabs] much of because of their habitant predominance and differences in climate.

2. Since birds are such type of exclusive species which show immense change in various morphological, anatomical and physiological features rapidly other than other animals, therefore they can be chosen ideally for study in coastal ecosystem.

3. Due to variation in climate, easy observations of their various activities can be observed specifically and this provides a way of good conclusions of the observations.

Geography, topography and climate of Talsari had already been mentioned in the Quadrate study in the field report.