Сопоставление функций инфинитива и герундия в предложении

В большинстве случаев инфинитив и герундий переводятся на русский язык, как инфинитивом, так и именем существительным.

Инфинитив или инфинитивная группа	Герундий
ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ
То smoke is dangerous. Курить вредно.	Smoking is harmful for one's health. Курение вредно для здоровья.
ПРЯМОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ
I want to cook dinner myself. Я хочу приготовить обед сама.	I like cooking. Мне нравится готовить.
3. ПРЕДЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ
––––	They succeeded in getting the tickets for the plane. Им удалось купить билеты на самолет.
4. ЧАСТЬ ПРОСТОГО ГЛАГОЛЬНОГО СКАЗУЕМОГО
I shall achieve my goal by any means. Я достигну своей цели любыми средствами.	–––––
5. ЧАСТЬ СОСТАВНОГО ГЛАГОЛЬНОГО СКАЗУЕМОГО
We began to translate this text last week. Мы начали переводить этот текст на прошлой неделе.	We began translating the article only yesterday. Мы начали переводить эту статью только вчера.
6. ЧАСТЬ СОСТАВНОГО ИМЕННОГО СКАЗУЕМОГО
The problem is to do everything in time. Проблема – сделать все вовремя.	The problem is saving the time. Проблема в том, чтобы сэкономить время.
7. ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВО
I was too busy to see anyone. Я был слишком занят, чтобы встре­чаться с кем-либо.	We came to study here for acquiring knowledge. Мы пришли сюда учиться и получать знания.
8. ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ
Не was the first to come and congratulate us. Он был первым, кто пришел и поздра­вил нас.	The idea of utilizing the energy of oceans and seas for man's needs is not new. Идея использования энергии океанов и морей для нужд человека не нова.

Exercise I. Translate the sentences.

1. The young man began turning over the pages of a book.

2. At length she began to speak softly.

3. She continued standing near the piano.

4. She continued to look at him.

5. The child was not afraid of remaining alone, but he was afraid to remain alone on such a stormy night.

6. Don't forget shutting the windows when you leave home.

7. Don't forget to shut the window when you leave home, it is very windy today.

8. I don't like interrupting people.

9. I don't like to interrupt him, he seems very busy.

10. I remember seeing the book in many bookshops.

11. Remember to buy the book.

12. They stopped talking when he came in.

13. She stopped to exchange a few words with a neighbour.

14. I was always afraid of losing his goodwill.

15. Clare answered rather pettishly, and her mamma was afraid to say more.

Exercise II. Analyze and translate the sentences.

1. I'm fed up with living in the city – it's too dirty and crowded.

2. Speaking a foreign language every day is the best way of learning it.

3. There's no point in having a car if you never use it.

4. Being admired by all, she felt proud and happy.

5. The boy was ashamed of having been beaten in class by his sister.

6. He agreed in the end, simply because he was tired of arguing.

7. He is in the habit of boasting of his cleverness.

8. We are proud of being taught four foreign languages at this University.

9. After having the same job for ten years, I felt I needed a change.

10. He is an artistic person – he is very good at writing poems and composing music.

11. I don't want to force you into doing something against your will.

12. I think you should apologize to your mother for being so rude to her.

13. Do you mind meeting different people every day? Meeting the same people every day, listening to people for many hours?

14. He had the most irritating habit of joking at the wrong moment.

15. I hate reminding people of their duties or being reminded of mine.

16. Forgetting may be very rapid when one has no desire to remember; overlearning shows that through extra effort, one can build up resistance to forgetting.

17. It's no use talking like that to me.

18. He did not succeed in taking things easily.

19. Joseph could not help admiring that man.

20. Waiting for the Professor was a lame excuse for doing nothing.