- •Unit I business english
- •Text a getting a job
- •Give Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations.
- •Fill in the gaps with suitable preposition.
- •Match a word in a with its synonym in b.
- •V. Match the words with their definitions.
- •VI. Read the text and find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations.
- •VII. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones with the right information from the text.
- •VIII. Speak about applying for a job using these prompts.
- •Text b applying for a job
- •Cv (curriculum vitае)
- •Text d the letter of application
- •Тext e resume
- •Fill in the gaps with suitable prepositions:
- •Give Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •Match the words with their definitions:
- •Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones with the right information from the text.
- •Arrange the information according to its sequence in the resume:
- •Study this resume and write down your own resume.
- •Text f business correspondence
- •Read the text without a dictionary. Write down new words and word combinations.
- •The parts of a business letter
- •Learn the words. Make up your own sentences.
- •Fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the box.
- •Read the text and express your agreement or disagreement with the information in the text. Layout of commercial correspondence
- •Read the sample of business letters and explain the difference between them.
- •Inside address
- •Study the structure of this business letter and answer the questions.
- •Study this table and write one letter of each type. Different kinds of salutation and complimentary close
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •Translate into English.
- •Study the complimentary close phrases:
- •Read and translate a sample of a business letter to a personnel manager.
- •Write a business letter according to the given situations using the useful phrases :
- •Text g business letter
- •Video enterprises
- •16 East Street, London ec1 4be
- •The most frequently written business letters are:
- •«Golden Rules» For Writing Letters
- •Read the text and find answers to the following questions.
- •Give Russian equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations.
- •Match a word in a with its synonym in b:
- •Text b what skills do I need for engineering?
- •It skills
- •II. Fill in the gaps with suitable prepositions
- •III. Match a word in a with its synonym in b:
- •IV. Discussion. How would you answer the questions?
- •Text c the skills, attributes and qualities of an engineer
- •Match a word in a with its synonym in b:
- •Read the text again and find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations.
- •Text d five necessary skills for engineers’ career success
- •Text e what skills are engineering employers looking for?
- •Text b history of science
- •Basic classifications
- •Scientific method
- •Basic and applied research
- •Find two or more definitions of science.
- •Answer the questions:
- •Text c science, its history
- •Text d the 20th-century revolution
- •Text e what is scientific discovery?
- •IV. Read the text and find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations.
- •V. Speak about scientists using these prompts:
- •Ancient and medieval science
- •Text h types of scientists
- •Industrial Scientist: Employment Info & Career Requirements
- •Scientist, industrial r&d
- •Text d effect of technology on our lives
- •I. Read the text and find answers to the following questions.
- •Text e positive effects of technology on society
- •The negative effects of technology in our world
- •Unit V engineering Part I
- •Read the text and find answers to the following questions.
- •Text a engineering
- •Give Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations.
- •Match a word in a with its synonym in b:
- •Read the text and find English equivalents to the following Russian words and word combinations.
- •Match the words with their definitions:
- •VIII. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones with the right information from the text and discuss your answers with a partner.
- •IX. Give your definition of the term «engineering»
- •X. Speak about the profession of an engineer using these prompts:
- •XI. Surf the Internet and find new information about the profession of an engineer. Make a note of it and bring your notes to the class. Text b engineer
- •Analysis
- •Specialization and management
- •Part II
- •Text b science
- •Text c
- •Text d
- •Read the text about mechanical engineering and find answers to the following questions:
- •Text e
- •Read the text about history of mechanical engineering and find answers to the following questions:
- •Part III
- •Make a comment on the quotations given below.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Industrial revolution
- •Text b steam power
- •Unit VI my research
- •1. Field of Science and Research Active Vocabulary
- •2. Research Problem Active Vocabulary
- •3. Historical Background of Research Problem Active Vocabulary
- •4. Current Research. Purpose and Methods Active Vocabulary
- •5. Current Research. Results and Conclusion Active Vocabulary
- •6. Conference Active Vocabulary
- •7. How to Chair a Conference Active Vocabulary
- •Introducing a speaker
- •8. Presenting a Paper Active Vocabulary
- •Introductory Paper Speech Patterns
- •9. Make a presentation about your research work using questions below as a plan.
- •Writing research papers
- •1. Gathering Data and Writing Summary Notes
- •2. Organizing Ideas
- •3. Writing the Paper: Structure, Linguistics and Style
- •The title
- •Introduction
- •Conclusion
- •1. To give the historical background of the investigation and to formulate the problem:
- •2. To make a brief review of related literature:
- •3. To justify the need for your investigation:
- •4. To state the purpose of the research:
- •Methods and Techniques
- •Results
- •Parts of sentence члены предложения
- •Способы выражения подлежащего
- •Простое глагольное сказуемое может быть выражено:
- •Составное глагольное сказуемое может быть выражено:
- •Составное именное сказуемое выражается:
- •Порядок слов в английских повествовательных предложениях
- •Глагол to be
- •Глагол то have
- •Pronouns местоимения
- •Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no, every и их производные
- •Little / a little; few / a few
- •Множественное число имен существительных
- •Изменение корня
- •Существительные латинского происхождения
- •Существительные, употребляющиеся только в единственном числе
- •I need some information. (or ... A piece of information)
- •I've heard some interesting news. (or ... A piece of news)
- •Существительное в функции определения
- •The adjective
- •Степени сравнения прилагательных
- •Исключения:
- •Сравнительные союзы
- •Суффиксы прилагательных
- •Префиксы с отрицательным значением
- •Многозначность that (those)
- •English Verb: Active Tenses
- •Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- •Passive voice
- •Translation of passive constructions
- •Peculiarities of passive voice
- •Modal verbs (Модальные глаголы)
- •Эквиваленты модальных глаголов
- •Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты, выражающие долженствование
- •Функции глаголов to be, to have
- •The subjunctive mood Сослагательное наклонение
- •Действие относится к настоящему или будущему времени:
- •Действие относится к прошедшему времени
- •Форма сослагательного наклонения
- •Условные предложения
- •Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •Инфинитивные обороты
- •Complex object Объектный инфинитивный оборот
- •Complex subject Субъектный инфинитивный оборот
- •Participle Причастие
- •The absolute participial construction Независимый причастный оборот
- •The gerund Герундий
- •Функции герундия в предложении и способы его перевода
- •Сопоставление функций инфинитива и герундия в предложении
- •Irregular verb
- •Список сокращений, встречающихся в технической литературе
- •Наиболее употребительные суффиксы
- •Наиболее употребительные префиксы
- •Наиболее употребительные союзы
- •Основные значения и примеры употребления некоторых предлогов
- •Bibliography
- •Contents
Функции глаголов to be, to have
Грамматические функции и значения глаголов to have и to be резко меняются в зависимости от того, какое слово следует за этими глаголами.
Функции глаголов |
to be |
to have |
Смысловой глагол Признак: перед именем существительным (для to be с предлогом) |
The engineer is at the power plant. Инженер находится на электростанции. |
They have an inventor at the shop. У них в цехе есть изобретатель. |
Глагол – связка Признак: перед именем существительным, прилагательным, числительным, местоимением, иногда инфинитивом |
Не is an engineer. Он инженер. Не was a technician two years ago. Два года тому назад он был техником. His task is to raise his skill. Его задача (состоит в том, чтобы) повысить свою квалификацию. |
—— |
Модальный глагол Признак: перед инфинитивом смыслового глагола с частицей to |
The engineer is to work at the power plant. Инженер должен работать на электростанции. The engineer was to invite us to visit the power plant. Инженер должен был пригласить нас посетить электростанцию. |
В этой функции глагол to have переводится: должен, вынужден, приходится
They have to speak to the inventor. Они должны поговорить с изобретателем. They had to speak to the inventor. Им пришлось поговорить с изобретателем. |
Функции глаголов |
to be |
to have |
Вспомогательный глагол Признак: перед причастием I и II смыслового глагола |
a) Для образования времен группы Continuous Continuous=be+Participle I The engineer was designing a new model. Инженер проектировал новую модель. b) Для образования страдательного залога Passive Voice=be+ Participle II The engineer was invited to visit the power plant. Инженера пригласили посетить электростанцию. |
Для образования времен группы Perfect Perfect=have+ Participle II They have spoken to the inventor. Они поговорили с изобретателем.
|
Exercise 1
Определите, в каких предложениях глагол «to be» является:
Смысловым
Глаголом – связкой
Модальным
Вспомогательным
I shall be an engineer in 5 years.
My son is reading a book now.
At present plastics as well as metals are widely used in various branches of industry.
They were to stay at the institute after classes.
Our plant was equipped with up-to-date machinery.
This article will be published in our institute magazine.
The engine was being inspected by several men during the experiment.
Your letter will be answered latter.
The British Museum in London is famous for its library.
Transport is a serious problem for all large cities.
Electronic devices are to become the basis for the solution of a great number of
economic problems.
More than 3.000.000 organic compounds are known at present.
The London airport is one of the most modern in the world
English is spoken in the United States of America.
Moscow was founded in 1147 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
The delegates to the conference are to arrive tomorrow.
Exercise 2
Определите, в каких предложениях глагол «to have» является:
смысловым
модальным
вспомогательным
We shall have a test next week.
I have read many books by Dickens.
All the letters have been answered in time.
This plant has fulfilled its plan this month.
The work has been finished.
My brother has many English magazines.
We have to translate this letter into English.
We shall have the translation of the text at the next lesson.
You will have to get to the Institute in time.
I have never been to Moscow.
They have graduated from the Institute this year.
This article has been published in the magazine.
Man has to find the complete answer to nature's atomic secret.
These two objects have the same temperature.
The student had to take the dictionary to translate this article.
We had passed our examinations by the 20-th of January.
Nobel prizes have become the highest international scientific awards.
This television tower has been constructed this year.
Moscow has more than 80 institutions of higher education.
Kurchatov’s life has been devoted to nuclear physics.