Developing Professional Language Competencies

1. Study the Key Terms and Common Collocations section. Read Text c and define its main idea.

2. Explain the meaning of the expressions from Text c in English, and then translate the expressions into Russian.

1. politically sensitive services

2. monopoly provision

3. outright ownership of public utilities

4. to maintain fairly tight control

5. be fraught with problems

6. to scale down the public sector

7. regulatory environment

8. competitive environment

9. compulsoryacquisitionorcompulsorypurchase

10. competition is constrained

3. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and phrases:

1. способствовать чему-либо

2. с помощью (экономического) регулирования

3. наземный транспорт

4. прямая почта (почтовые сообщения, отправленные непосредственно на адреса предполагаемых клиентов); (прямая почтовая реклама, рассылка рекламы прямо почтой)

5. услуги курьера

6. факсимильная электронная почта

7. перевозка грузов

8. сокращение численности, сокращение объёма хозяйственной деятельности (постепенное и происходящее в течение длительного времени); (краткое описание, краткое изложение; сводка, краткая информация)

9. это лишь несколько примеров; и список можно продолжить

10. естественная монополия

4. Answer the questions in detail referring to the text.

1. Why do most governments exercise tight control over public utilities?

2. Why do governments find it difficult to cut any part of both public transport and postal services?

3. Why have governments involved themselves with enterprises in competitive environments?

4. Why are regulatory authorities considered to be part of the public enterprise sector?

5. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing paying special attention to the highlighted words and collocations.

1. The decision between monopoly provision and competition therefore depends on the evaluation of the trade-off between static and dynamic efficiency gains.

2. Historical evidence, as well as theoretical considerations have led to the prevailing view that the telephone network is a natural monopoly.

3. This Act of Parliament guaranteed solicitors a monopoly on particular legal services.

4. The company lost its monopoly on exporting beer to India.

5. The President is still looking for a permanent appointee to the politically sensitive post.

6. The shires, dominated by Conservative local politicians, hold sway over the most expensive and politically-sensitive services in their counties.

7. A reasonable regulatoryenvironment is critical to retaining and expanding jobs in Michigan.

8. In many developing countries the impact of the regulatoryenvironment on urban development and poor households is often underestimated.

9. There are generally two comparisons made about the regulatoryenvironment in London and New York.The first concerns the number of regulatorybodies and the second relates to the philosophy of the regulations themselves.

10. There is a growing trend however toward privatization in the U.S. and it is a powerful force for change. There have been a number of successful cases in recent years of either outright private ownership or long term contracts to manage and operate systems.

11. Options to outright ownership of the alternative-energy project might include a sale lease-back arrangement, power purchase agreements (PPA) or some other similar arrangement.

12. Outright and complete ownership of land, as in the USSR, implies the right of the state to impose any revenue claim, to direct the land to any use, and to say who shall use it.

13. The public sector spending cuts required as a condition of the loans are cutting too deeply into GDP.

14. But Europe is commanding the headlines with the recent bailout of Ireland and speculation that Portugal and Spain will need help next. For Canada, the U.S. (through trade) and China (through commodities) are of primary importance. However, the troubles in Europe aren’t simply secondary in nature. They set a mood or tone and presently that is one of austerity. They are also forging the future in terms of financial sector regulatory reform. And perhaps most important longer term, they are changing the international competitive environment for years to come.

15. To generate Competitive Intelligence we need to get clarity of the Competitive Environment in which the organization operates.

16. A number of aggrieved bank customers say banks and service providers of the Automated Teller machines (ATMs) need to work harder to improve on it as it is currently fraught with problems.

17. The project was a disaster because it was fraught with problems from the beginning.

18. This month, the Cabinet Office unveiled new plans to transform all IT in the public sector. It aims to scale down the UK's 130 government-owned call centres.

19. It is essential that the public sector scale down its size, become more efficient and effective.

20. Maintaining a degree of control over the information that is disseminated allows domineering leaders to keep fairly tight controls on what is done and when it is done.