- •Land Transport and Postal Service
- •Enterprises in Competitive Environments
- •Regulatory Authorities
- •Key Terms and Common Collocations
- •Developing Professional Language Competencies
- •Study the Key Terms and Common Collocations section. Read Text c and define its main idea.
- •Explain the meaning of the expressions from Text c in English, and then translate the expressions into Russian.
- •3. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and phrases:
- •5. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing paying special attention to the highlighted words and collocations.
- •6.Translate into Russian the part of the text describing regulatory authorities in writing.
- •Part III Text d The Future of Public Enterprise
- •1. Translate the text into Russian in writing using the relevant terms.
- •Translate the text into English in writing using the relevant terms.
Regulatory Authorities
This group is certainly part of the public enterprise sector according to the definition used. Such bodies are government-owned and controlled, and finance their activities by the sale of commodities. They exist in some countries by use of the government’s legal powers, such as to compulsorily acquire commodities, particularly rural commodities for further sale, or to require the purchase of insurance for motor vehicles. The use of compulsory acquisition or compulsory purchase is what distinguishes this group of enterprises, as their main asset is the coercive power of government.
All the above categories show strong linkage between government ownership and government regulation. Regulation is an important characteristic of public enterprise. Public utilities may have a tendency to natural monopoly in most of their operations, but this was most often reinforced by a legislative monopoly as well. Part of the renewed political interest in public enterprise has been a re-assessment of the nature and effects of the regulatory environment.
Key Terms and Common Collocations
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monopoly
1)монополия
to establish / gain a monopoly on smth — получить монополию на что-л.
to have / hold a monopoly — удерживать монополию
to break (up) a monopoly — разрушить монополию
to curb/restrict a monopoly – ограничивать деятельность монополии
government monopoly, state monopoly, public monopoly — государственная монополия
natural monopoly естественная монополия
2) исключительное право
3)монополистическое объединение; монопольная компания
1)The exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service; a company or group having exclusive control over a commodity or service; a commodity or service in the exclusive control of a company or group; [usu. with negative] the exclusive possession, control, or exercise of something
2) A monopoly is a company which is the only one providing a particular product or service. (...a state-owned monopoly)
incumbent
Syn: occupant
Ant:entrant
1)действующий (о фирме, которая уже ведет операции на рынке, по отношению к фирме, которая собирается выйти на рынок) (лицо, занимающее ту или иную должность или пост governor incumbent — губернатор штата, вступивший в должность judicial incumbent — судья, вступивший в должность president incumbent — президент, вступивший в должность
2. занимающий пост, должность (incumbent de facto — лицо, победившее на выборах, результаты которых были признаны недействительными)
3)лежащий, возложенный на (об обязанности)
1)An incumbent is someone who holds an official post at a particular time.
2)If it is incumbent upon you to do something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it.
3. compulsory acquisition or compulsory purchase
1)принудительное отчуждение; вменение в обязанность муниципальным властям приобрести в собственность (бесхозяйную) недвижимую вещь (через суд); процесс изъятия собственности какой-либо государственной организацией без предварительного согласия владельца, существуют также правила выплаты компенсации
officially enforced purchase of privately owned land or property for public use
4.capital spending
Syn: capital expenditure
Ant: current expenditure/spending
(текущие расходы)
капитальные расходы (затраты, издержки)
capital spending plan — программа капиталовложений;
capital spendings – расходы на средства производства
5.rural / farm /
agricultural commodities
Сельскохозяйственная продукция/продукты (сырьевые)
basic/primary commodities (staple/primary goods) 1) основные сырьевые товары 2) предметы первой необходимости
commodities 1) = goods 2) = primary goods – товары; сырье, сырьевые товары; первичные блага (essential/primary goods)
commodity [kə'mɒdɪti] (commodities)
1)a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee
2) a useful or valuable thing
