X. Answer the questions.

1. How must the elderly patients be treated?

2. Are the tissue regenerative potentials of the elderly usually lowered?

3. Are tissue changes due to specific disease processes?

4. What must a dentist follow in order to treat older ordinary patients?

5. What kind of help can a dentist give to a patient?

6. What must clinicians evaluate?

7. What is important for dentists to distinguish between complaints on an organic basis?

8. The clinician’s task is difficult, isn’t it?

9. It is especially important to follow elderly patients’ health, isn’t it?

10. What factors must be considered in treatment planning?

11. What should special attention be paid to in treatment planning?

XI. Fill in the gaps with the model verbs (can, may, must, should).

1. Dentists … not alter the effects of old age.

2. Doctors … assist the patients.

3. Dentistry … be practiced with due consideration.

4. Doctors … evaluate the patient’s complaints.

5. History and examination … include a consideration of the past and present systemic disease.

XII. Match the corresponding parts into sentences.

1. Dentistry for the elderly must be practiced …	1. … those related to reduced tissue function.
2. Many of the tissue changes …	2. … with due consideration of the biological factors.
3. The salivary glands and even the teeth …	3. … are actually due to specific disease processes.
4. Changes in the supporting tissues and oral mucosa …	4. … or more chronic disease.
5. It is important to distinguish between complaints on an organic basis …	5. … at this age require a modified treatment.
6. the average aged patient has one …	6. … are affected by aging.

XIII. Translate the following word combinations:

мягкие ткани ротовой полости, обычные пациенты, пожилые люди, процессы заживления, жалобы больного, механизм адаптации. следить за здоровьем, реакция на стресс, рассматривать с должным вниманием, процесс старения, состояние полости рта, обследование основания рта, пожилые пациенты, одиночество и страх

XIV. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.

Case History

The patient, 54 years of age, complained of pain, fever, and general malaise. The teeth were sore to touch: bleeding was easily induced. Dental examination disclosed several periodontal abscesses: palatal of the maxillary left central and lateral incisors and cuspid, and the buccal aspect of the mandibular right second premolar. The remaining gingivae were inflamed, discolored, retracted and bled easily. Heavy calculus deposits were noted. Radiographically there was marked loss of the marginal alveolus throughout. Because of the existence of multiple periodontal abscesses a detailed systemic history was taken. The patient described symptoms of excessive thirst, polyuria and loss of weight. The patient was requested to have a physical examination. A diagnosis of diabetes was made. One month after institution of a proper diet and insulin the patient returned for periodontal therapy. The gingival changes could be observed. Therapy had consisted of hot water rinses and brushing. periodontal therapy was instituted with success.