XI. Read the text for yourselves and give a short summary of it.

Orthodontics

Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry concerned with correction of irregularities of the teeth. When the permanent teeth erupt parents may notice that the front teeth are crooked or protruding. This condition is known as a malocclusion and treatment is thought to improve the child’s appearance.

The aims of orthodontic treatment are to reposition the teeth so that appearance is improved and a good functional occlusion obtained. By correcting badly positioned teeth it may also eliminate some stagnation areas and help prevent caries and periodontal disease developing.

The basic types of malocclusion are crowding, protruding upper incisors and a prominent lower jaw.

Many children attend the orthodontic treatment because their upper front teeth protrude between their lips. This condition usually arises from inheriting a jaw relationship in which the upper teeth are too far forward relative to the lowers. It is commonly associated with an open lip posture.

Lesson 22

Грамматика: самостоятельный причастный оборот

Sources of Oral Sepsis

I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:

oral sepsis [‘sepsis]

dentinal matrix [‘dentinql ‘meitriks]

localized or general [‘loukqlQizd L ‘Generql]

gangrenous products [‘gqengrinqs]

alkaloidal substance [,qelkq’loidql]

decomposition [,dJkOmpq’ziSqn]

toxemia [tOk’sJmiq]

rational method [‘reiSqnql]

stomatitis [,stOmq’tQitis]

glossitis [glO’sQitis]

gingivitis [,Gingi’vQitis]

II. Learn the following words:

to dissolve [di’zOlv] - растворять

no doubt [‘dQut] - без сомнения

suppuration [,sApjuq’reiSqn] - нагноение

pyogenic [,pQiq’Genik] - гноеродный

carbon dioxide [‘kRbqn dQi’OksQid] - углекислый газ

hydrogen [‘hQidriGqn] - водород

to swallow [‘swOlou] - глотать

to expose [iks’pouz] - обнажать, подвергать

to decompose [,dJkqm’pouz] - разлагать, растворять

foramen [fO’reimqn] - отверстие, канал

to eliminate [i’limineit] - устранять, уничтожать

commencement [kq’mensmqnt] - начало

lesion [lJZn] - повреждение, поражение

to regard [ri’gRd] - рассматривать

III. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the Absolute Participle Constructions.

1. The dentine becoming involved in the morbid process, there can be no doubt that suppuration is present.

2. The proteins being metabolized by pyogenic orgznisms, poisonous end-products appear.

3. The pulp being exposed, gangrenous products are swallowed by the patient.

4. The periodontal tissues becoming infected, alveolar abscesses develop.

5. Pus being present, suppuration is sooner or later established.

6. Calcium will be needed throughout the whole life since it is essential to the body for many reasons, one being the development and maintenance of the bones.

7. Chronic alveolar abscess is a persistent source of oral sepsis, the septic products in this case being partly absorbed by the lymphatics and partly swallowed.

8. Teeth may be traumatized, the trauma being so severe that teeth become luxated, fractured or even comminuted.

9. The results of trauma hard, the patient was admitted to the hospital

10. The crown of the superior right cuspid fractured, the root was removed.

11. Oral ulceration present, the chief complaint was oral discomfort.