Lesson 21

Грамматика: функции инфинитива

Orthodontia

I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:

orthodontia [,LTq’dOnSq]

correction of malocclusion [,mqelO’klHZqn]

potent factor [‘poutqnt]

balance and harmony [‘bqelqns qnd ‘hRmqni]

intelligently [in’teliGqntli]

pathology of structures [pq’TOlqGi]

periodontal membrane [‘membrein]

II. Learn the following words:

indissolubly [,indi’sOljubli] - неразрывно, прочно

potent [‘poutqnt] - мощный

to require [ri’kwQiq] - требовать

complement [‘kOmplimqnt] - комплект, набор

attachment [q’tqeCmqnt] - прикрепление

purpose [‘pWpqs] - цель

to serve [sWv] - служить

chief [CJf] - главный, основной

to intend [in’tend] - намереваться, предназначать

to incline [in’klQin] - наклонять

plane - плоскость, проекция

perversion [pq’vWSqn] - отклонение (от нормы)

intelligently [in’teliGqntli] - разумно

familiar [fq’miliq] - знакомый, близкий

fruitful [‘frHtfql] - плодотворный

powerful [‘pQuqfql] - сильный, мощный

to maintain [mein’tein] - поддерживать

III. Read and translate the words with the same root:

potent – potency, require – requirement, attach – attachment, serve – service, beauty – beautiful, large – largely, depend – dependence, chief – chiefly, intend – intention, power – powerful, fruit – fruitful, connect – connection - connected

IV. Read the words, define their parts of speech and translate them:

largely, relation, feature, complement, occlusal, attachment, designed, namely, perversion, familiar, denture, importance, passage, powerful, development, collective

V. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the functions of infinitive.

1. Some years ago dental scientists conducted research to see the effect of fluoride in drinking water.

2. Lost teeth can be replaced using a fixed partial denture also known as a bridge.

3. Orthodontic treatment is known to improve the child’s appearance.

4. The bad tooth to be extracted cannot be stopped by a filling.

5. At that time dentists did not give patients anesthetics to kill pain.

6. It is known the deciduous teeth to appear at about six months after birth.

7. To place a crown the dentist must prepare the tooth reducing it in size so that a replacement crown can fit.

8. Cheese is reported to prevent the formation of acids in the mouth.

9. The dentists think the complications of apical periodontitis to occur in four forms.

10. Tooth decay is pathologic process to begin with plaque formation.

11. We know the purpose of apicectomy to save the tooth in cases where root filling is unsuccessful or impossible.

12. Greeks were apparently the first to dissect cadavers and probably also the bodies of condemned criminals.

VI. Read and translate the text.

Orthodontia

Orthodontia is the science which has for its object the correction of malocclusion of the teeth.

The study of orthodontia is indissolubly connected with that of art as related to the human face. The mouth is the most potent factor in making or marring the beauty and character of the face, and the form and beauty of the mouth largely depend on the occlusal relations of the teeth. The best balance, the best harmony, the best proportions of the mouth in its relations to the other features require that there should be the full complement of teeth and that each tooth should be made to occupy its normal position – normal occlusion.

Occlusion is the basis of the science of orthodontia. The shapes of the cusps, crowns, and the roots, and even the very structural material of the teeth and their attachment are all designed for the purpose of making occlusion the one grand object in order that they may serve the chief purpose for which they were intended, namely, the cutting and grinding of food. Occlusion is the normal relations of the occlusal inclined planes of the teeth when the jaws are closed.

Malocclusion of the teeth is but the perversion of their normal relations. It can be studied intelligently only from the basis of the normal and to begin its study without first being familiar there with would be as unfruitful as the study of the pathology of any other of the structures of the body without first mastering their anatomy and pathology.

The normal human denture in its completeness includes not only the jaws, alveolar process, dental arches, and especially the teeth and periodontal membrane which are of prime importance since on them chiefly the operations are performed but also the muscles of lips, cheeks, tongue and mouth, the nasal passages, palate, and throat as these assist the teeth in performing their functions. They are also powerful factors in establishing and maintaining either harmony or inharmony in the development and arrangement of the teeth, and this just in proportion as they are singly or collectively, normal or abnormal in their own development and functions.

VII. Give English equivalents to the following terms:

anatomy, malocclusion, physiology, pathology, orthodontia, denture, harmony

VIII. Answer the following questions.

1. What is orthodontia?

2. What is the most potent factor in making the beauty and character of the face?

3. What does the best harmony and the best proportions of the mouth require?

4. What is the chief purpose of the teeth?

5. What is occlusion?

6. What does the normal human denture in its completeness include?

7. What is the way of studying malocclusion?

IX. Translate the following word combinations:

исправление неправильного прикуса, полный набор зубов, занимать нормальное положение, форма коронки, прикрепление зубов, основная цель, разрезание и перемалывание пищи, отклонение от правильного положения, выполнять функции, мощный фактор, устанавливать и поддерживать гармонию

X. Translate the following sentences.

1. Предметом изучения ортодонтии является исправление неправильного прикуса.

2. Правильный прикус – это полный набор зубов и каждый зуб занимает правильное положение.

3. Самым важным фактором в создании красоты и характера лица является рот.

4. Красота и гармония лица требует полного набора зубов и их правильного положения.

5. Форма выступов, коронок и корней, сам структурный материал и прикрепление зубов предназначены для разрезания и перемалывания пищи.

6. Нормальный зубной ряд человека, кроме челюстей, альвеолярных отростков, зубных дуг и зубов, включает мышцы губ, щек, язык, небо, носовые проходы и даже горло.