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Файл:Черед.учеб. пособ. стом..doc
X
- •Содержание
- •History of Dentistry Lesson 1
- •Some Facts from the History of Dentistry
- •I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •VII. Read and translate the sentences with the Complex Subject.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text.
- •IX. Answer the questions.
- •X. Read and translate the sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •XI. Do you know that:
- •XII. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •Lesson 2
- •An Introduction to Dentistry
- •III. Learn the following words:
- •IV. Read and translate the words with the same root:
- •V. Read and translate the following word combinations:
- •VI. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the reflexive pronouns.
- •VII. Complete the sentences with the proper reflexive pronouns.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text.
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •X. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions where necessary.
- •XI. Translate the following word combinations.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences.
- •XIII. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •Oral Cavity. Teeth Lesson 3
- •A Tooth
- •III. Read the sentences, find Passive predicates and translate the sentences.
- •IV. Read and translate the text.
- •V Answer the questions.
- •VI. Change the sentences in the Active Voice into Passive according to the model.
- •VII. Open the brackets in a correct form (Active or Passive).
- •VIII. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •IX. Read the text and find Russian equivalents to the underlined phrases. Learn these phrases. Translate the text.
- •X. Answer the questions to the text.
- •Lesson 4
- •Eruption of Teeth
- •I. Read the following words and word combinations and give their Russian equivalents:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •VII. Read and translate the sentences, paying attention to the functions of the verb to have.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text.
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •X. Complete the sentences using words from the active vocabulary. The first letters are given to help you.
- •XI. Choose the correct answer.
- •XII. Translate the following word combinations:
- •XIII. Read and translate the text at sight.
- •XIV. Fill in the with the necessary prepositions and adverbs.
- •XV. Translate the following sentences.
- •Lesson 5
- •Forms and Functions of Teeth The Dental Formula
- •I. Read the following words and word combinations and give their Russian equivalents:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the function of the underlined words.
- •VIII. Read and translate the texts.
- •IX. Answer the questions.
- •X. Translate the sentences into English.
- •XI. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •XII. Make up five questions to the text Structure and Functions of Teeth. Lesson 6
- •The Maxilla
- •I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •VII. Read and translate the text.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with the necessary prepositions.
- •X. Fill in the gaps with the corresponding words.
- •XI. Read the text and answer the question What surface is the infraorbital groove situated in?
- •XII. Read the statements and say if they are true or false.
- •Lesson 7
- •The Mandible
- •I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read the sentences, define the predicates and translate the sentences.
- •IV Read and translate the sentences with the Complex Subject paying attention to the forms of the infinitive.
- •V. Read and translate the sentences with the Complex Subject.
- •VI. Use the Complex Subject instead of a clause according to the model.
- •VII. Read and translate the text.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Translate the following word combinations.
- •X. Fill in the gaps with the words from the active vocabulary.
- •XI. Fill in the gaps with the necessary prepositions.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences.
- •XIII. Read the text and entitle it.
- •Lesson 8
- •Changes in the Teeth and Supporting Tissues
- •III. Give the 4 forms of the following verbs:
- •IV. Define the following infinitives:
- •V. Open the brackets using active or passive form of the verb.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences.
- •VII. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative.
- •VIII. Find Russian equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •IX. Translate the following word combinations:
- •X. Match the words with the close meaning:
- •XI. Read and translate the text.
- •XII. Answer the following questions.
- •XIII. Complete the sentences according to the text.
- •XIV. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •XV. Answer the questions to the text Periodontal and Oral Mucosa.
- •XVI. Make nouns from the given verbs:
- •Lesson № 9
- •Pathology of the Form and Structure of the Teeth
- •I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read the words, define the part of speech and translate them:
- •IV. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the adjectives in different degrees of comparison.
- •V. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
- •VI. Read and translate the text.
- •VII. Give the explanation of the following terms of Greek and Latin origin in English:
- •VIII. Answer the questions.
- •IX. Translate the sentences into English.
- •X. Give as many facts as possible to prove the following statements.
- •XI. Read the text and retell it.
- •Lesson 10
- •Abnormalities in the Number of Teeth
- •I. Read the following words and word combinations of the Greek and Latin origin and give their Russian equivalents:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read and translate the following words with the same roots:
- •IV. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the verb to fail.
- •V. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the functions of the word one.
- •VI. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the conjunctions if and whether.
- •VII. Read and translate the following sentences.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text.
- •XIII. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •Diseases of the Teeth and Oral Cavity Lesson 11
- •Toothache
- •I. Read the following words and word combinations of the Greek and Latin origin and give their Russian equivalents:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read and translate the following word combinations:
- •IV. Give the comparative and superlative degrees of the adjectives:
- •V. Define the tense and the voice of the predicate and translate the sentences.
- •VI. Define the function of the –ing form and translate the sentences.
- •VII. Read the sentences with the missing conjunctions and translate them.
- •VIII. Find in the dictionary the meanings of the following phrasal verbs:
- •IX. Read and translate the text.
- •X. Answer the questions.
- •XI. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions.
- •XII. Translate the following word combinations:
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences.
- •XIV. Translate the text using a dictionary.
- •Lesson 12
- •Dental Caries
- •I. Read the following words and word combinations of the Greek and Latin origin and give their Russian equivalents:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read and translate the following word combinations:
- •IV. Read and translate the words paying attention to their suffixes:
- •V. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the predicates in the subordinate clauses.
- •VI. Read and translate the following sentences.
- •VII. Read and translate the text.
- •VIII. Answer the questions.
- •IX. Make up questions to the underlined words.
- •X. Translate the following word combinations:
- •XI. Translate the following sentences.
- •XII. Translate the text using a dictionary.
- •Role play
- •I. Read the information about some specific features of writing and abstract for a research paper.
- •II. Read and learn the following linking words and phrases that are useful for writing a summary essay.
- •III. Read the abstract and following the above instructions practice writing its summary essay. Present your summary essays to the class and discuss them.
- •Lesson 13
- •Periodontal Disease
- •I. Read the words of the Latin and Greek origin and give their Russian equivalents:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read and translate the words with the same root.
- •IV. Read and translate the following word combinations:
- •V. Read the sentences and define the functions of Participle I and II. Translate the sentences.
- •VI. Use Participle I or II instead of subordinate clauses.
- •VII. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the subordinate clauses.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text.
- •IX. Answer the questions.
- •X. Complete the following sentences.
- •XI. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions.
- •XII. Translate the following word combinations.
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences.
- •XIV. Translate the text using a dictionary.
- •XV. Case Analyses.
- •1. Fill in the table.
- •2. Discussion.
- •Lesson 14
- •Dental Cracks
- •I. Read the words of the Latin and Greek origin and give their Russian equivalents:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •VIII. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the –ing forms.
- •IX. Read and translate the sentences. Say what model verbs express.
- •X. Read the sentences, find the predicates and define their tenses. Translate the sentences.
- •XI. Read and translate the text.
- •XII. Answer the questions.
- •XIII. Translate the following word combinations:
- •XIV. Translate the following sentences.
- •XV. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •Lesson 15
- •Pulp Involvement
- •I. Read the words of the Latin and Greek origin and give their Russian equivalents:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read and translate the following word combinations:
- •IV. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the functions of the verb to have.
- •V. Read and translate the following sentences.
- •VI. Read and translate the sentences.
- •VII. Read and translate the text.
- •XII. Translate the following word combinations:
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences:
- •XIV. Read the text and retell it.
- •Lesson 16
- •Alveolar Pyorrhea
- •I. Read the words of the Latin and Greek origin and give their Russian equivalents:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Translate the following
- •IV. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the functions of the word it.
- •V. Read and translate the sentences with the complex subject.
- •VI. Use complex subject instead subordinate clauses according to the model.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences using Complex Subject.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text.
- •IX. Answer the questions.
- •X. Complete the following sentences according to the text.
- •XI. Translate the following word combinations:
- •XII. Translate the following sentences.
- •XIII. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •XIV. Test 3. Lesson 17
- •Congenital Anomalies
- •I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read and translate the sentences with complex subject.
- •IV. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the Present and Past Participles.
- •V. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the functions of the word since:
- •V. Read and translate the text.
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Translate the following word combinations.
- •VIII. Make up questions to the underlined words.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences.
- •X. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •Lesson 18
- •Traumatic Injuries of the Teeth
- •I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
- •IV. Make up questions to the underlined words.
- •V. Make up questions for these answers.
- •VI. Read and translate the text.
- •VII. Answer the following questions.
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions.
- •IX. Translate the following word combinations:
- •X. Translate the following sentences.
- •Lesson 19
- •Traumatic Diseases of the Jaws
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read the words, define parts of speech and translate them:
- •IV. Read the sentences and open the brackets with a correct active or passive tense form.
- •V. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the adjectives and adverbs in different degrees of comparison.
- •VI. Read and translate the text.
- •VII. Answer the following questions.
- •VIII. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions.
- •IX. Translate the following word combinations:
- •X. Translate the following sentences.
- •XI. Read and translate the following text using a dictionary.
- •Lesson 20
- •Infectious Diseases of the Jaws
- •I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Give the English equivalents to the following Greek and Latin terms:
- •IV. Read the words, define their parts of speech and translate them:
- •V. Read and translate the sentences with the Complex Object.
- •VI. Translate the sentences using Complex Object.
- •VII. Read and translate the text.
- •Infectious Diseases of the Jaws
- •VIII. Make up questions to the underlined words.
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •X. Translate the following word combinations:
- •XI. Translate the following sentences.
- •XII. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •Lesson 21
- •Orthodontia
- •I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read and translate the words with the same root:
- •IV. Read the words, define their parts of speech and translate them:
- •V. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the functions of infinitive.
- •VI. Read and translate the text.
- •XI. Read the text for yourselves and give a short summary of it.
- •Lesson 22
- •Sources of Oral Sepsis
- •I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the Absolute Participle Constructions.
- •IV. Read and translate the text.
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Give the English equivalents to the following Greek and Latin terms:
- •VII. Translate the following word combinations:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences.
- •IX. Look through the text and translate it without a dictionary.
- •X. Test 4. Lesson 23
- •Age Changes of the Teeth
- •I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read the words, define their parts of speech and translate them:
- •IV. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the -ing forms.
- •V. Translate the following sentences using the -ing forms.
- •VI. Read and translate the text.
- •VII. Answer the questions.
- •VIII. Complete the following sentences.
- •IX. Make up questions to the underlined words.
- •X. Translate the following combinations of words.
- •XI. Translate the following sentences.
- •XII. Read the text and answer the questions below.
- •XIII. Test 5. Lesson 24
- •Oral Diseases of the Elderly
- •I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Give three forms of the verbs:
- •IV. Translate the following word combinations:
- •V. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
- •VI. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the word those.
- •VII. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the functions of the Past Participles.
- •VIII. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the functions of the Present Participles.
- •IX. Read and translate the text.
- •X. Answer the questions.
- •XI. Fill in the gaps with the model verbs (can, may, must, should).
- •XIII. Translate the following word combinations:
- •XIV. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.
- •Lesson 25
- •I. Read and give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations of the Latin-Greek origin:
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Read the words, define the parts of speech and translate them:
- •IV. Translate the following word combinations:
- •V. Read and translate the sentences with Absolute Participle Constructions.
- •VI. Read and translate the sentences with incomplete subordinate clauses.
- •VII. Make the following sentences negative.
- •VIII. Read and translate he negative sentences.
- •IX. Read and translate the text.
- •X. Answer the following questions.
- •XI. Make up questions to the underlined words.
- •XII. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions and adverbs where required.
- •XIII. Translate the following word combinations:
VII. Translate the following sentences using Complex Subject.
1. Известно, что нижняя челюсть является самой большой костью лица.
2. Считается, что кариес можно предотвратить.
3. Говорят, что первая книга по стоматологии появилась в веке.
4. Известно, что кариес - одно из самых распространенных заболеваний полости рта.
5. Установлено, что пульпит бывает как острым так и хроническим.
6. Оказывается, что правильная чистка зубов уменьшает возможность возникновения кариеса.
7. Считается, что удаление зуба является обязательным в таком случае.
VIII. Read and translate the text.
Alveolar Pyorrhea
Alveolar pyorrhea, chronic destructive periodontal disease, has been understood to be among the diseases with highest morbidity for human. Still its mechanism for development does not seem to have been fully clarified.
Being often complicated with diabetes mellitus, hepatopathia and endocrine dysfunction the disease is considered to be closely related with metabolic disturbances for its onset and process.
In alveolar pyorrhea etiological factors are usually classified as being either local or systemic.
Systemic etiological factors accelerate the clinical symptoms, diminish the effects of local treatment, and make it easy to recur alveolar pyorrhea.
In order to avoid these undesirable disturbances due to systemic factors it is necessary to treat the patient with so-called “systemic therapy”. Hormones such as pituitary, thyroid, and parathyroid are very effective in the well indicated cases. However, systemic channels have been extremely limited and it is often difficult to determine the exact nature of relevant causative systemic factors in individual cases of alveolar pyorrhea.
The salivary gland hormone was proved to have a strong biological action on the mesenchymal tissues of the whole body and especially on the teeth, periodontal tissues and the alveolar bones.
There are two kinds of salivary gland hormones: parotin (extracted from the parotid glands of cattle) and saliva-parotin (extracted from the human mixed saliva).
The injection of the proper dosage of this hormone (parotin) increases the white blood cells in the blood stream, saliva-parotin decreases serum calcium content and accelerates the calcification of the dentine.
Since the salivary gland hormone has such biological actions it could easily be inferred that this hormone will work effectively on alveolar pyorrhea which may mostly be due to the dystrophy of the periodontal tissues.
IX. Answer the questions.
1. What is alveolar pyorrhea?
2. is its mechanism for development fully clarified?
3. What diseases can alveolar pyorrhea be complicated with?
4. How are etiologic factors in alveolar pyorrhea usually classified?
5. What drugs are used in so-called “systemic therapy”?
6. What hormones are effective in the well indicated cases?
7. What hormone was proved to have a strong biological action on the teeth, periodontal tissues and alveolar bones?
8. How does the injection of proper dosage of hormone act?
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