XIII. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.

Absence of Teeth

Total Anodontia. True anodontia is the total congenital absence of a set of teeth. Total anodontia is characterized by the absence of the entire primary and secondary dentitions and is extremely rare. It is most often associated with a generalized congenital deformation (a sex-linked genetic trait) such as the abnormal development of the ectoderm or outer embryonic cell layer. Faulty ectodermal development further affects such structures as hair, nails, sebaceous and sweat glands and salivary glands.

Partial Anodontia. Partial anodontia, also referred to as congenitally missing teeth, involves one or more missing teeth from a dentition. Though not proven to be a hereditary trait, tendencies toward missing the same tooth do run in families. Some observers state that missing teeth follow evolutionary trends in that the teeth most commonly missing from the dentition (third molars) are those that are most expendable in terms of their role in oral function. On the opposite, the most stable teeth in the permanent dentition, the canines, are the least likely to be absent from dentition.

Diseases of the Teeth and Oral Cavity Lesson 11

Грамматика: функции -ing forms, бессоюзные придаточные предложения, глаголы с послелогами

Toothache

I. Read the following words and word combinations of the Greek and Latin origin and give their Russian equivalents:

caries and periodontitis [‘kFqriqs, peri,oudqn’tQitis], embryo [‘embriou], indicate [‘indikeit], balanced diet [‘bqelqnst dQiqt], calcium preparation [‘kqelsiqm ,prepq’reisqn], dental hygiene [‘hQidgJn], orthopedics [,LTou’pediks], physiotherapy [,fiziq’Terqpi], carbohydrates [,kRbou’hQidreits]

II. Learn the following words:

pleasant [‘plezqnt] - приятный

slight [slQit] - легкий, слабый, незначительный

cavity [‘kqeviti] - полость

inflammation of the gum [,inflq’meiSn gAm] - воспаление десны

complaint [kqmp’leint] - жалоба

to complain of - жаловаться на

sugar [‘Sugq] - сахар

flour [flQuq] - мука

hereditary [hi’reditqri] - наследственный

sweets - сладости

to cut out - исключать

to coincide [,kouin’sQid] - совпадать

to avoid [q’void] - избегать

incidence [‘insidqns] - частота случаев

fluorine [‘fluqrJn] - фтор

content [‘kOntqnt] - содержание

nursing mothers [‘nWsiN] - кормящие матери

to add - добавлять

socket - лунка, углубление

advanced cases [qd’vRnst] - запущенные случаи

III. Read and translate the following word combinations:

tooth cavity, dental complaints, under-forties, over forties, refined sugar, hereditary factors, fluorine content, drinking water, caries prevention, balanced diet, expectant and nursing mothers, calcium preparations, dental hygiene, milk teeth, anti-inflammatory therapy, advanced cases

IV. Give the comparative and superlative degrees of the adjectives:

pleasant, common, normal, useful

V. Define the tense and the voice of the predicate and translate the sentences.

1. It has been found that the incidence of caries is low where the drinking water has a high fluorine content.

2. We are now planning to introduce treatment plants to add fluorine to drinking water in all cities which need it.

3. A system of caries prevention has now been worked out for every age group.

4. The incidence of caries largely depends on a person himself.

5. Patients are given anti-inflammation therapy including stimulating of the blood vessels.

6. Enamel and dentine are composed mainly of calcium and phosphorus and a diet containing adequate quantities of these together with vitamins C and D is essential during pregnancy and childhood while teeth are being formed.

7. When their teeth are erupting babies can be irritable.

8. When the medical profession was in its infancy in Rome dentistry was being practiced there.