Natural disasters

1. What is a natural disaster?

2. How are natural disasters classified?

3. Could you name any examples of natural disasters?

4. What are the consequences of natural disaster?

5. What are the reasons of natural disasters’ increase?

6. What kind of natural disaster is a tornado?

7. What are the main characteristics of a tornado?

8. The USA experiences the most tornadoes, doesn’t it?

9. Can tornadoes happen in groups?

10. What damage can the strongest tornado cause?

Man-made disasters

1. What is a man-made disaster?

2. How are man-made disasters classified?

3. Could you name any man-made disasters?

4. What consequences are caused by man-made disasters?

5. What are the reasons of man-made disasters?

6. What does the material damage and human losses depend on?

7. Is the Chernobyl catastrophe regarded as the worst nuclear disaster in history of mankind?

8. When did the Chernobyl catastrophe happen?

9. Which effects were caused by the Chernobyl catastrophe?

10. What countries were affected by the Chernobyl catastrophe?

Glossary

EU ( European Union) – Европейский Союз (ЕС)

ICDO ( International Civil Defence Organization) –

• Международная организация

гражданской обороны (МОГО)

IFRC ( International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) –

– Международная федерация обществ Красного Креста и

Красного Полумесяца (МФОКК)

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) –

• Организация Североатлантического

договора (НАТО)

OCHA ( Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) –

• Управление по координации

гуманитарных вопросов (УКГВ)

UNO ( United Nations Organization) –

• Организация Объединенных Наций

(ООН)

UN HCR ( United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) –

• Управление Верховного комиссара

ООН по делам беженцев

(УВКБООН)

UN HCHR (United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights ) – – Управление Верховного комиссара

ООН по правам человека

(УВКПЧООН)

WHO (World Health Organization) – Международная организация

по проблемам здравоохранения

(ВОЗ)

C O N T E N T

HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITIES 3

Active Vocabulary to Text A 3

Text A 3

OCHA 3

Text B 6

Humanitarian Assistance 6

Humanitarian assistance means a wide complex of measures to be rendered by the international community and separate states to the countries hit by disasters. That assistance usually includes delivery and distribution of foodstuffs, medicines and medical equipment, protection means and other first aid articles among population. 6

International humanitarian assistance plays an important role in reducing human losses and material damage in case of complex disasters and emergencies worldwide. International humanitarian assistance is carried out on the basis of the existing international law and in accordance with the principles of humanity, neutrality and impartiality. The principle of humanity means that human rights of people must be respected and protected. According to the principle of neutrality humanitarian assistance should be promoted without bias toward or against one or more of the parties to the political, military, religious, ideological or ethic controversy. Following the principle of impartiality humanitarian assistance should be rendered regardless of nationality, ethnicity, race, religion or political beliefs. 6

humanitarian assistance – гуманитарная помощь 7

EMERGENCY-AND-RESCUE OPERATIONS 9

Text A 9

Phases of Rescue Operations 9

Text B 11

Precautionary Measures 11

Questions on Text B 13

RESCUE MEANS AND EQUIPMENT 14

Text A 14

Classification of Rescue Means 14

Text B 16

A Contamination Control Station 16

Questions on Text B 18

NATURAL DISASTERS 19

Active Vocabulary to Text A 19

event 19

- явление 19

cause 19

- причина 19

flood 19

- наводнение 19

landslide 19

- оползень 19

drought 19

- засуха 19

famine 19

- голод 19

hurricane 19

- ураган 19

avalanche 19

- лавина 19

to require 19

- требовать 19

to ensure 19

- обеспечить 19

Text A 19

Classification of natural disasters 19

Tornadoes 21

Consequences of the Chernobyl Catastrophe 26

REVIEW QUESTIONS 29

GLOSSARY 32