16.Scientific infrastructure, Scientific and technical information. Intellectual property, Pilot production. To give definitions.

Scientific infrastructure- the scientific laboratory and engineering equipment, trial production, unique objects, and also other personal and real estate being on balance of the scientific organization…

Researcher- the individual working in the scientific organization, a higher educational institution or scientific division of the organization, the having higher education receiving and realizing result of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activity;

Scientific and technical information- information received during a scientific, scientific and technical, innovative and production activity, containing data on national and foreign achievements of science, equipment, technologies…

uthorized body in the field of science (further - authorized body) - the government body which is carrying out inter-sectoral (inter-branch) coordination and the management in the field of science and scientific and technical activity;

Intellectual property - the exclusive right of a citizen or a legal entity on the results of intellectual creative activity resulting from the research, development and technological work, and means of individualization of participants in civil, goods, works or services; 28) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Doctor of the profile - degree, awarded to persons who have mastered professional education programs of doctoral studies in the relevant specialties and defended a thesis…

Pilot production- structural division of the scientific organizations, higher educational institutions or the legal entity which primary activity are production and approbation of prototypes and the useful models, new products and technological processes;

Block 2

1. The History of Science in Kazakhstan.

In the XIX century the advancement of science of Kazakhstan, and Central Asia as a whole was bound to names of orientalists who made the first expeditions, did scientific generalizations, notes, reports: Valikhanov, Semenov-Tyanshansky, etc. The emergence of science in Kazakhstan began in the early XX century, when Veterinary Station of Uralsk (1897), Seed Station of Krasnovodopadsk (1909) was created. Later Agricultural Experimental Station of Uralsk (1914), Sanitary bacteriological Institute of Alma-Ata (1925) was added to them.

Our University was founded in 1934, before 1991 – Kazakh State University named after S.M.Kirov. Since 1991- Kazakh National University named after al-Farabi. It was the first University in Kazakhstan.

By the 1940 -s, 12 universities, 11 research and engineering technology organizations, 2 Design Institutes, 2 Agricultural Experimental Stations, 6 factories research and design units, a botanical garden and zoological park in the city of Alma-Ata operated in the country.

These research organizations mainly dealt with development of agriculture and health care services. A rapid rise of the industrious forces of the Republic demanded a more intensive research on issues and other sectors of the national economy and the introduction of their results.

During the years of war, in the structure of the division 13 research institutes was formed and its employees conducted the preparations for the organization of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. During this period of the development of science academics V.A. Obruchev, S.I. Vavilov, I.P. Bardin, V.L. Komarov, I.F. Grigoriev provided great help to Kazakhstani scientists.

On May 31, 1946 the legislative organs of the Republic adopted ordinance to establish the “Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR”. The first structure of Academy of Sciences was approved, and included prominent figures of science, technology and culture of Kazakhstan, academics M.O. Auezov, A.B. Bekturov, I.G. Galuzo, M.I. Goryayev, A.K. Zhubanov, N.G. Kassin, S.K. Kenesbaev, N.V. Pavlov, M.P. Rusakov, K.I. Satpayev, N. T. Sauranbaev, G.A. Tihov, V.G. Fesenkov, S.V. Yushkov.. K.I. Satpayev was elected as the first President of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, who in the same year became a full member of Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

In the period up to 1980, development of economy in Kazakhstan has had a higher rate than in the whole Union. This process was accompanied by an intensive scientific and technological progress. By the 1980-s, there were 140 academic institutions in Kazakhstan in which 21.1 thousands of people were employed. Main scientific forces were concentrated in the Academy of Sciences - 31 academic institutions, among them 24 scientific-research institute. The scientists of the Academy of Sciences conducted research practically on all major areas of economy and science.

In the 1990's., there were 279 research institutions, including branches and independent laboratories of research institutes and universities of Union subordination in Kazakhstan. The number of workers of the main scientific and technical activities constituted of 50,6 thousands people.

Since 1992, the President of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic adopted more than 110 legislative documents related to science and scientific and technical sphere.

The reform of science has been reflected in the Government Resolution of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 25.12.1998, № 1335 "Issues of establishments - administrators of programs funded from the state budget”, under which practically all academic institutions have been transformed into the scientific state enterprises.