VII. Переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие инверсию.

1. Discussed in this chapter are some of the general characteristics inherent to semiconductors.

2. Included in this section is a description of a typical airborne liquid oxygen system.

3. Described in this book are all the rockets space-probing craft including sputniks.

4. Associated with each electron is a wave, which is propagated in the direction of the electron motion.

5. Were it necessary to increase the speed of this particular engine, it could be achieved by using a special device.

6. Had the oil supply stopped for a moment, serious damage might have resulted.

7. Were the air within the cylinder motionless, only a small proportion of the fuel would find enough oxygen.

8. The development stage would have taken less time, had the scientists used new methods.

VIII. Выполните полный письменный перевод следующих текстов. Определите способы передачи при переводе глаголов в страдательном залоге. Найдите эмфатические конструкции и сохраните усиление в переводе. Найдите случаи перевода артикля.

Computer сrime

Computer crime is a way to commit crime, not a type of crime. By the mid-1980s computers were in use in nearly every kind of commercial, financial and industrial enterprise. As record-keeping devices, computers are unsurpassed in the amount of information that can be kept on a readily available file. Credit card companies, banks, savings and loan associations, insurance companies, credit bureaus and many other institutions keep computerized customer files. This information is for the private and confidential use of the customer and the institution.

Access to such confidential information, as well as or more complex computer systems operated by government agencies, has been gained by computer experts, often with the intent to defraud or embezzle. Someone working within a bank or other financial organization may easily gain access to the company’s computers to transfer funds to his own or a friend’s account or to another bank.

Owners of personal home computers, too, have found ways to break into company computer systems. To accomplish a break-in of this kind, a computer operator needs a modem, a device that will connect his computer by telephone to another computer system. He also needs to know how to access another system through its code. For the average person, this would be a very difficult task; but for someone well-versed in computer logic, it has proved relatively easy. Billions of dollars are being lost through computer theft each year.

Videoconferencing Takes Centre Stage

With the downturn in business travel after September 11th, one of the technologies predicted to boom is videoconferencing. Corporate bans on flying in the aftermath of the terror attacks throw a new light on the benefits of meeting by video. According to IT market research company Frost & Sullivan, videoconferencing, web-casting and other electronic alternatives to face-to-face meetings in distant locations have experienced renewed interest following the attacks and subsequent concern over travel.

Long-predicted as a technology due to take-off, videoconferencing has failed to deliver for a variety of reasons. However, market and technological changes have presented videoconferencing vendors with the opportunity to make videoconferencing as much a part of everyday office life as the PC, fax or photocopier. The CeBIT fair will see the latest videoconferencing systems on display, including low-cost, PC-based solutions.

Today the main demand for videoconferencing comes from larger organisations where systems are predominantly used by senior staff members. This should change over the next few years as penetration into a larger number of small- to medium-sized businesses intensifies and corporate usage is used for everyday meetings.

As with most other sectors of the IT industry, videoconferencing is being driven by the Internet. Previously, videoconferencing systems were proprietary and used slow telecommunications transmission technology. Today, the market is moving to Internet Protocol (IP) technology – whereby data is sent over the Internet in a stream of information packets.

The use of IP technology will mean cost-savings for end-users, as manufacturers use standardized equipment and components. Broadband will also mean an improvement in the quality of sound and pictures.While it may still be several years before videoconferencing over IP networks takes off, there is consensus in the industry that IP will hold the key to future success. Frost & Sullivan predicts that 2004 will be a watershed year for the videoconferencing market in Europe. The impact of videoconferencing over IP will take the technology into the mainstream.

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