Vocabulary notes

1. Lingua franca – лінгва-франка (мова міжетнічного спілкування, часто з обмеженою сферою використання)

2. To get access – отримати доступ

3. Argumentation – аргументація, наведення аргументів

4. Appropriate – підхожий, відповідний; доречний, придатний

5. Contraction – скорочення, стягнення; стягнена форма

6. Hesitation – вагання, сумнів

7. Preferable – пріоритетний; якому віддається перевага

8. Maintain – твердити, підтримувати

9. Scholarly – вчений; властивий вченим

10. Impersonal – безособовий

11. Cautious - обережний

12. Invalid claims – претензії, що не мають законної сили

Exercises

1. Transcribe and practice correctly the following words from the text.

Lingua franca, professionals, researchers, access, effectively, communicate, colleagues, require, considerably, certain, argumentation, conclusion, author, criticism, contrast, counterpart, avoid, self-advertising, contractions, interjection, hesitation, phrasal, initial, position, preferable, inappropriate, figure, characteristics, absence, feature, maintain, scholarly, adopt, impersonal, tendency, awkward, discourse, cautious, avoidance, strategy, accurate, error, claim, likely, undoubtedly, presumably, assumption,

2. Comprehension check.

1) What is lingua franca?

2) What does the knowledge of English allow professionals and researchers to do?

3) What is academic writing?

4) What is the main feature of English academic writing?

5) What is meant by a cautious manner of writing?

6) What are the main linguistic ways of cautious manner of writing?

7) What differences exist in the organization and the ways of argumentation in academic writing of different languages and cultures?

8) What features does formal academic English normally avoid?

9) Enumerate important features of English academic writing.

3. Match the word with its definition:

1. lingua franca a) based on or characterized by the methods and principles of science

2. formal b) a distinctive attribute or aspect of something

3. scientific c) process of reasoning systematically in support of an idea, action, or theory

4. feature d) a common language used for communication over areas where several languages have usually been spoken

5. accurate e) describe or denote; have as a referent

6. argumentation f) a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof

7. refer g) the analysis and judgment of the merits and faults of a literary or artistic work

8. assumption h) a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another person or thing in a different place or situation

9. counterpart i) correct in all details; exact

10. criticism j) suitable for or constituting an official or important occasion

4. Complete the text with words from the box.

complex become focuses on research

thinking verbal art situation takes place

Writing is considered to be a _________ cognitive process, which _________ within a certain social context. It has also ________ an object of intensive ___________. In particular, one popular trend ___________ the ways of writing of various social, professional, and cultural communities. The nature and goals of writing are treated in the following way: it is considered to be the means of the development of ___________, the ‘culture if the thought’, adequate to a certain social _________ of communication. One may conclude, that writing as thinking, as a cognitive process, and writing as a __________ are two faces of one phenomenon.