Vocabulary notes

to own and run (syn. to manage, to operate) businesses владеть и управлять бизнесом

to intervene вмешиваться

private enterprise (syn. entrepreneurship) частное предпринимательство

private ownership (syn. property) of the means of production частная собственность на средства производства

public property, common ownership общественная собственность

personal property личная собственность

state-owned property, state ownership государственная собственность

private supplies of capital частный капитал

surplus income available for investment in new business activities дополнительный доход (излишек дохода), который можно вложить (инвертировать) в новое дело (бизнес)

to employ использовать; предоставлять работу, нанимать

employer работодатель

employee служащий

employment занятость

unemployment безработица

to persuade убеждать

at first view (syn. at first sight) на перный взгляд

to adjust automatically автоматически приспосабливаться; приводиться в соответствие

competitive конкурентоспособный

to make the largest profits possible получить наибольшую возможную прибыль

to pursue one's own interests преследовать свои интересы

to make money out of it заработать деньги на этом

to move the production possibility frontier outwards продвинуть вперед предел производственных возможностей

to make the society better-off сделать общество более состоятельным

to create new jobs and opportunities создать новые рабочие места, новые возможности

to undcrpurchase (ant. to overpurchase) недостаточно раскупать

to provide free or subsidized supplies обеспечить бесплатное или субсидированное (дотированное) предоставление (товаров, услуг)

in response to (syn. in answer to) в ответ на

a cornerstone краеугольный камень

to alter swiftly быстро меняться

consequences последствия

labour- intensive production трудоемкое производство

working conditions условия работы

safety standards нормы техники безопасности

large- scale intervention широкомасштабное вмешательство

to pass laws принимать законы

to gain sufficient sales добиться достаточного объема продаж

rival firms фирмы-конкуренты, соперники

to have confidence иметь уверенность

to lack confidence не хватать уверенности

Assignments

I. Suggest the Russian equivalents

new advanced products; products which are favoured; they try to make the largest profits possible; provide free or subsidized supplies; produce goods and then advertise heavily; a firm which switches from labour- intensive production to a new one; a decline in the prosperity of the nation

II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms

businesses owned and run by the state; products and services, which are favoured; at first view; production alters swiftly

III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text

1. Small South-East Asian states like Hong Kong and Singapore contain some businesses by the state.

2. The system is based on with of .

3. Private supplies of capital can be defined as available for in .

4. Consumers are willing to spend more on products and services, which .

5. More profits will more firms to produce those particular goods that are favoured.

6. In a market economy it is who decide what is to be produced.

7. firms see the opportunity of and produce the new fashionable

and favoured products.

8. The economy automatically to meet changing demands.

9. Firms tend to be highly in such an environment.

10. In a free market individual people are free .

11. But when you have that car produced, you are moving .

12. You actually make by , even though you become a millionaire in the process, and you do it without or .

13. Some goods would be if the government did not provide supplies.

14. Some other goods and services, such as defence and policing, are impossible to _ in response to consumer spending.

15. of the market system is that production to meet changing demands.

16. If a firm switches from to one where new technology in the factory, it can lead to and problems.

14. It is necessary to have to pass laws consumers and workers.

15. Firms have in future sales if they are to produce new goods and seivices.

16. A recession means spending, jobs and of the nation