4. Определите, какой частью речи являются следующие слова и переведите их:

Field (1 абзац), right (1), commonly (2), nonbinding (2), performance (3), human (4), step (4), rising (5), behavior (6), emerged (7), came (7), complexity (8), followed (8).

5. Подберите эквиваленты к словосочетаниям, обозначенным цифрами

upstructural systems	подвергаться нагрузке
industrial revolution	надстройки
subject to load	структурная целостность
structural integrity	условия проекта
design criteria	промышленная революция

6. Сопоставьте слово и определение

machinery	characterized by originality and expressiveness; imaginative.
creativity	one who builds or works with stone or brick.
mason	machines or machine parts considered as a group.
load	a massive monument of ancient Egypt having a rectangular base and four triangular faces culminating in a single apex, built over or around a crypt or tomb.
pyramid	a weight or mass that is supported.

7. Определите, являются ли данные высказывания правдивыми или ложными

1) Structural engineering can only be studied in its own right.

2) Pyramids are regarded as the most common major structures because their forms are stable and scaled.

3) The profession of structural engineer took shape in the Renaissance.

4) The architect and the structural engineer were different professions before the industrial revolution.

5) Structural engineers are involved in the design of structures.

6) Structural engineering design uses a large number of basic structural elements.

8. Соотнесите фрагменты предложения так, чтобы смысл высказывания не был нарушен

1) Structural engineers are most commonly involved	a) involves a significant understanding of both static and dynamic loading.
2) It dates back to	b) in the design of machinery, medical equipment, vehicles if any item where structural integrity affects function or safety of the item.
3) The role of a structural engineer today	c) physical laws and empirical knowledge of the structural performance of different landscapes and materials.
4) Structural engineering theory is based upon	d) and increases in scale were incremental.
5) Structures were repetitive,	e) at least 2700 BC when the step pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser was built by Imhotep.

9. Пользуясь содержанием текста, ответьте на вопросы

1. What does the term structural engineering mean?

2. What are the functions of а structural engineer?

3. When did the first structural engineers appear?

4. How were the first calculations of the strength of structural members made?

5. Why does the complexity of modern structures require a great deal of creativity from structural engineer?

6. Structural engineering theory is based upon physical laws and empirical knowledge of materials, isn’t it?

7. Why does structural engineering utilize a small number of basic structural elements?

8. Were pyramids the most common major structures built by ancient or modern civilizations?