ИНСТИТУТ ПРАВОВЕДЕНИЯ И ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА

Кафедра гуманитарных и социальных дисциплин

С.Д. Гунченко

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (АНГЛИЙСКИЙ)

Учебно-методическое пособие

для студентов заочной формы обучения

по направлению «Менеджмент»

квалификация «Бакалавр»

Санкт-Петербург

Пушкин

2015

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО НАПИСАНИЮ КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ

Целями выполнения контрольных заданий студентами являются: качественное усвоение теоретического материала программы по дисциплине. При проверке преподавателем работы осуществляется контроль за качеством усвоения студентом разделов программы.

Содержание контрольных заданий соответствует программным требованиям по дисциплине, представлены задачи основных типов по темам.

При выполнении и оформлении контрольных работ по иностранному языку студент должен придерживаться следующих правил:

1. Контрольная работа должна быть на бумаге формата А4, на титульном листе обязательно следует указать: дисциплину, вариант контрольной работы, фамилию, имя, отчество и номер зачетной книжки студента, факультет, форма обучения (заочное, очное, очно-заочное обучение), курс, номер учебной группы, наименование специальности или направления.

2. Контрольная работа предоставляется студентами заочного отделения в учебную часть института не позднее, чем за две недели до начала сессии.

Студенту следует выполнять задания только своего варианта, который определяются номером зачетной книжки студента. Для определения варианта контрольной работы воспользуйтесь таблицей 1.

Предпоследняя цифра	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Номер варианта	1	2	3	4	5	1	2	3	4	5

Тематика контрольных работ для студентов заочного отделения

Variant 1

1. Translate the text by written form.

From left to right:

Top row: Mikhail Gorbachev, born 1931, Stavrapol, Russia, Secretary General of the Communist Party and Soviet Leader 1985-1991, began the policyof Perestroika which brought greater freedom the Soviet Union and eventuallyled to democratic governments in Central and Eastern Europe; Carly Fiorina,born 1955, Austin, Texas, taught English in Italy before joining AT&T in 1980as a sales representative, appointed Chief Executive of Hewlett-Packard 1999;Nelson Mandela, born 1918, Transkeu, South Africa, South African President1994-1999, leader of the African National Congress, imprisoned for life 1964 for his campaign against apartheid, released 1990; Bill Gates, born 1955, Seattle, USA, founder of Microsoft, left Harvard University without a degree, now believed to be worth over $100 billion.

Bottom row: Aung San Sui Kyi, born 1945, Burmese political opposition leader, educated in India and Oxford, returned to Burma 1988 and elected President but blocked by the military and put under house arrest; Akio Morita, 1921-1999, co-founder, with Masaru Ibuka, of Sony Corp. in 1946, inventor of the Walkman, introduced the world's first all-transistor TV in 1960; John Lennon, 1940-1980, co-founder of The Beatles pop group, 1960, one of the key figures in music and youth culture of the 19605, assassinated outside his apartment block in New York; John F Kennedy, 1917-1963, Captain in the US Navy in World War II, elected US President 1961, assassinated Dallas, Texas, 22 November 1963; Margaret Thatcher, born 1925, Grantham, England, British Prime minister 1979-1990, her policies transformed the UK economy, emphasising the importance of the free market and privatisation of the public sector.

2. In your opinion, which factors below are important for getting a job? Choose the seven most important. Is there anything missing from the list? Think about some other factors.

age appearance astrological sign contacts and connectionsexperience family background handwriting hobbies intelligence maritalstatus personality qualifications references sickness record blood group

3. All of the following sentences could be used to describe jobs. Mark

each sentence as follows:

(+) if you think it describes a positive aspect to a job.

(-) if you think it describes a negative aspect to a job.

(?) if it could be either positive or negative.

• It’s well-paid.

• It’s badly-paid.

• It’s challenging.

• It’s stressful.

• It’s hard work physically.

• You work long hours.

• You have to work shifts.

• You need to be talented.

• You need special training and qualifications.

• You need good people skills.

• There’s a lot of job satisfaction.

• There’s a lot of variety.

• There’s a lot of responsibility.

• There are a lot of opportunities.

. 4. Определите видо-временную форму сказуемого. Объясните её употребление.

1. Fewer people receive state benefits now.

2. Her son is coming this morning to fix the computer.

3. The new changes will come to the effect next month.

4. Have you come a long way yet?

5. As we turned the corner the top of the Eiffel Tower came into the view.

6. It was raining and we all got wet.

7. I’ve been waiting for a refund check for several months.

8. Louise had got completely blind before she was sent to Leeds.

9. We are planning to go to Spain this autumn.

10. They will be going from Paris to London by train at that time.

5. Поставьте сказуемое в Present Simple или Present Сontinuous:

1. On hot days the kids (to go) swimming in the river.

2. What time you (to go) tomorrow?

3. I (to leave) early tomorrow to go to the dentist.

4. He (to get) a lot of pleasure from spending time with his grandchildren.

5. It (to get) late – I have to go.

6. On long journeys I always (to take) my dog along.

7. He (to need) to take more exercise.

8. Do you have what it (to take) to be a teacher?

9. Is there any reason to believe that she (to tell) the truth at the moment?

10. Due to reasons beyond our control all flights (to suffer) delays.

Variant 2

1. Translate the text by written form.

How to select the best candidates - and avoid the worst

Investing thousands of pounds in the recruitment and training of each new graduate recruit may be just the beginning. Choosing the wrong candidate may be one the great mistakes for an organization. Few companies will avoid all of the following failures: people who panic at the first sign of stress; who don’t have the ability of learning; hypochondriacs (persons who worry about their health too much) who must be present but stay away; and the unstable person later discovered to be a thief or worse.

Less dramatic, but just as much a problem is the person who simply does not come up to expectations, who does not quite work; who never becomes a high-flyer or even a steady employee.

The first point to remember at the recruitment stage is that people don't change. Intelligence levels refuse modestly, but change little over their working life. The same is true of abilities, such as learning languages and dealing with numbers.

Most people like to think that personality can change, particularly the more negative features such as anxiety, low respect, impulsiveness or a lack of emotional warmth. But the information collected over 50 years gives a clear message: still stable after all these years. Extroverts (persons who like to spend time in activities with other people rather than being quiet and alone) become slightly less extroverted; shy persons appear a little less so, but the fundamentals remain much the same. Personal crises can affect the way we deal successfully with a difficult situation: we might take up or drop drink, drugs, religion or relaxation techniques, which can have rather dramatic effects. Skills can be improved, and new ones introduced, but at rather different rates. People can be taken care of the appearance for a job. Just as politicians are carefully dressed, have good hairstyle and speech specialists, so people can be sent on training courses, diplomas or experimental weekends. But there is a cost to all this which may be more than the price of the course. Better to select for what you actually see rather than try to change it.

2. Read the article again and answer these questions.

1) What types of failures do companies experience, according to the article?

2) What is the worst failure managers can deal with?

3) What advice does the article give to managers?

3. Прочтите и переведите предложения. Заполните пропуски следующими словами.

Raised, effectiveness, power, monetary, interest, strengthen, control, poor, device, succeeds, usefulness, in practice.

1. Decisions on monetary… can be reached and applied rapidly, since … is concentrated in the Board of Governors.

2. The effectiveness of monetary action is reasonably certain. Interest rates can always be … to a level at which the brakes take hold.

3. Monetary policy is an impersonal…, which produces its effect through the market mechanism. It is neutral as among individuals and groups in the economy. If the Federal Reserve… in restricting credit, some would-be borrows will be left unsatisfied.

4. The … of monetary policy depends on whether the problem is to tackle inflation or unemployment. … policy is more effective on the former front than on the latter.

5. During a recession the Federal Reserve can … bank reserves, reduce … rates, and establish an attractive atmosphere for borrowing. But it cannot directly affect the wish to borrow. As business prospects seem …, borrows will hold off and the desired increase in loans and spending will not materialize.

6. The … of monetary policy should not be overestimated. Monetary policy … is more complicated and less effective than appears from textbook examples.

4. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам:

1. We are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it.

2. We used to go outside for our amusements.

3. We rush home to be in time for this or that programme.

4. The telly is the universal pacifier.

5. The children will watch rubbishy commercials.

6. Every day television consumes vast quantities of creative work.

7. Millions watch the same programmes.

8. We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication.

9. Television encourages passive enjoyment.

10. We spend a holiday by the sea.

5. Поставьте сказуемое в Present, Past или Future Simple Tense страдательного залога:

1. The new comedy (to show) on TV yesterday.

2. The modern cinema on our street (to build) a year ago.

3. This scene (to shoot) in Paris next month.

4. Many documentaries (to make) every year.

5. The famous actress (to invite) to star in this film soon.

6. The talk show (to transmit) two days ago.

7. The TV sets (to sell) in this shop.

8. Good comedies (to produce) in Italy.

9. Many famous actors (to invite) usually to this festival.

10. This problem (to discuss) during the next talk show.

Variant 3

1. Translate the text by written form.

Because interest rates influence the level of economic activity by effecting the ease with which money may be borrowed and the incentive for saving, governments frequently regulate interest rates. In the United States, the federal government regulates interest rates indirectly through a variety of agencies. The most important of these, the Federal Reserve System, influences interest rates by controlling the discount rate, which is the interest rate charged banks that borrow from the Federal Reserve banks; by setting reserve requirements, which fix the maximum ratio of loans to deposits for many commercial banks; and by controlling margin requirements, which stipulate the amounts that investors can borrow in order to buy or hold securities.

Other federal agencies, or federally sponsored organizations active in the mortgage market, affect interest rates by buying and selling mortgages, by guaranteeing or insuring loans, and by making funds available to savings and loan associations and other lenders. Among these institutions are the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Department of Veterans Affairs. Farm credit is affected by agencies under the supervision of the Farm Credit Administration. In 1990, Congress undertook new legislative initiatives in the area of home mortgages including the creation of a National Homeownership Trust.

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System also administrates the Truth-in-Lending Act, designed to inform borrowers about the cost of credit. The act, as embodied in Federal Reserve Regulation Z, requires that the total finance charge (which may include interest, insurance premiums, credit report fees, and other fees) and the annual percentage rate must be disclosed to the borrower before credit is extended. The act covers all credit used for personal, family, or agricultural purposes not exceeding $25,000, and all real estate transactions (including home equity loans) by individuals or for agricultural uses. Most states have usury laws that specify the maximum interest rate that may be charged on loans or (sometimes) sales of merchandise in which payment is delayed. The usury rate varies from state to state.

2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. How does the federal government of the U.S. regulate rates?

2. What is the role of the Federal Reserve System in controlling the discount rate?

3. How do other agencies affect interest rate, for instance, in the mortgage market?

4. Name other institutions which influence credit extending?

5. How does the Board of Governors of the FED administer the Truth-in-Lending Act?

3 Прочтите и переведите предложения. Заполните пропуски следующими словами.

Raised, effectiveness, power, monetary, interest, strengthen, control, poor, device, succeeds, usefulness, in practice.

1. Decisions on monetary… can be reached and applied rapidly, since … is concentrated in the Board of Governors.

2. The effectiveness of monetary action is reasonably certain. Interest rates can always be … to a level at which the brakes take hold.

3. Monetary policy is an impersonal…, which produces its effect through the market mechanism. It is neutral as among individuals and groups in the economy. If the Federal Reserve… in restricting credit, some would-be borrows will be left unsatisfied.

4. The … of monetary policy depends on whether the problem is to tackle inflation or unemployment. … policy is more effective on the former front than on the latter.

5. During a recession the Federal Reserve can … bank reserves, reduce … rates, and establish an attractive atmosphere for borrowing. But it cannot directly affect the wish to borrow. As business prospects seem …, borrows will hold off and the desired increase in loans and spending will not materialize.

6. The … of monetary policy should not be overestimated. Monetary policy … is more complicated and less effective than appears from textbook examples.

4. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам:

1. We might marvel at the progress in every field of study.

2. It is common knowledge that they often do the exact opposite.

3. It is hard to work under extreme pressure.

4. Your whole future depends on the exams.

5. No one can give of his best when he is in moral terror.

6. The child enters a world of competition.

7. The student should read widely.

8. The exams lower the standards for they deprive the teacher of all freedom.

9. There must surely be many effective ways.

10. It is cynical to suggest that exams are merely a profitable business.

5. Выберите соответствующий модальный глагол из предложенных в скобках:

1. He has been training to drive for a month. Now he (can, may) drive well.

2. He doesn’t feel well now. So he (can’t, may not) play the second game.

3. I saw him in the garden ten minutes ago. He (can, may) be still there.

4. The drivers (may, must) be very careful on the road.

5. The weather is hot. We (might, must) go to bathe.

6. Where will you go on holiday? I am not quite sure but we (may, can) go to Spain.

7. I bet you (can, must) get at least two hundred pounds for the painting.

8. I need to talk to you and I’m afraid it (may not, can’t) wait.

9. (Can, might) you take the risk that you (can, might) lose your money)?

10. We (may, must) encourage fathers to take full responsibility for their children.

Variant 4

1. Translate the text by written form.

Profit is the excess of revenues over costs. It is also referred to as net earnings or income; its opposite is loss. As net income, profit is computed before taxes and dividends are distributed. In a corporate operation it is customary to disburse only an established percentage of the profits as dividends to the shareholders. The rest is retained by management to meet financial contingencies, to finance capital improvements, and to finance expansion and diversification (all aimed at eventually increasing profits). In the free enterprise, or capitalistic, system, profit is regarded as the difference between what the labourer is paid and what his or her services are worth. According to Marxism, the value of goods is determined by the amount of labour that goes into them (the labour theory of value). According to this theory workers in a capitalist economy are paid subsistence wages, far lower than the value their labour actually adds to the goods. The capitalist whose motive always is to increase the difference by paying the workers as little as possible skims off the difference –or «surplus value» as profit. In most Marxist economies сconventional notions of profit have played a negligible role. They did not have little effect in fixing the level of workers’ wages, nor did they determine the viability or future of state-run enterprises.

2. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What does profit denote?

2. What is profit in a corporation?

3. What is profit in a free enterprise?

3. Переведите письменно с русского языка на английский язык.

Инфляция является серьезной проблемой. От нее страдают люди, живущие на фиксированные денежные доходы, а также люди, накопившие некоторые суммы денег на отдельные цели, такие, как финансирование высшего образования своих детей или собственные нужды после ухода на пенсию. От инфляции страдают и люди, ссудившие деньги в долг под процент, не учитывающие увеличения среднего уровня цен. Эти люди не защитили себя от падения покупательной способности. При непредвиденной инфляции, если долговременный контракт заключен на фиксированную сумму долларов, то покупатель обычно выигрывает, а продавец проигрывает. Процесс обесценивания денег, который может происходить как в открытой форме (повышение уровня цен), так и в скрытой (невозможностью купить товары по действующим ценам).

4. Прочтите и переведите предложения. Заполните пропуски следующими словами.

Raised, effectiveness, power, monetary, interest, strengthen, control, poor, device, succeeds, usefulness, in practice.

1. Decisions on monetary… can be reached and applied rapidly, since … is concentrated in the Board of Governors.

2. The effectiveness of monetary action is reasonably certain. Interest rates can always be … to a level at which the brakes take hold.

3. Monetary policy is an impersonal…, which produces its effect through the market mechanism. It is neutral as among individuals and groups in the economy. If the Federal Reserve… in restricting credit, some would-be borrows will be left unsatisfied.

4. The … of monetary policy depends on whether the problem is to tackle inflation or unemployment. … policy is more effective on the former front than on the latter.

5. During a recession the Federal Reserve can … bank reserves, reduce … rates, and establish an attractive atmosphere for borrowing. But it cannot directly affect the wish to borrow. As business prospects seem …, borrows will hold off and the desired increase in loans and spending will not materialize.

6. The … of monetary policy should not be overestimated. Monetary policy … is more complicated and less effective than appears from textbook examples.

Variant 5

1. Translate the text by written form.

A mortgage is the pledging of property by a borrower to a lender as security for the payment of a debt. A familiar example is the home mortgage: the mortgagor (buyer) gives a mortgage on the house being bought to the mortgagee (a bank, savings and loan association, or other institution that deals in mortgage loans), which provides money for the transaction. The buyer agrees to repay the principal amount of the loan and interest in a specified period of time, usually 20 to 30 years. In most states a mortgage gives the mortgagee a lien – as opposed to the common-law practice of grant in condition title – on the house or property as security for the loan. If the borrower fails to make payments on the loan and interest due, the lender may begin foreclosure proceedings, through which the property is sold in order to satisfy the claim of the leader.

A person with no real estate may borrow by giving a bank or loan company a chattel mortgage on personnel property, such as a car, as security for a loan. Corporations often borrow by issuing mortgage bonds, which are secured by mortgages on their business property. In the United States, interest-rate ceilings for mortgages, as for other forms of credit, vary from state to state.

The owner of a mortgaged house who wants to obtain another loan sometimes applies for another mortgage, which is called a second mortgage because it is second in priority to the first mortgage. The interest charged on a second mortgage is higher than that on a first mortgage. In case of foreclosure, the holder of the second mortgage can recover only the first mortgage holder has been paid.

2. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.

1 What is a mortgage?

2. What are borrowers and lenders?

3. What is a mortgagor?

4. What do we call loan association?

5. Who provides money for the transaction?

6. What is a specified period to repay the principal amount of the loan and interest?

7. What is a lien?

8. What is foreclosure proceeding?

9. What is a second mortgage?

10. What can you say about the interest charged on a second mortgage?

3. Переведите письменно текст с русского на английский язык.

Традиционно изменения уровня цен объясняются избыточным совокупным спросом. Производственный сектор не в состоянии ответить на этот избыточный спрос увеличением реального объема продукции, потому что все имеющиеся ресурсы уже полностью использованы. Поэтому этот избыточный спрос проводит к завышенным ценам на постоянный реальный объем продукции и вызывает инфляцию спроса.

Инфляция может также возникнуть в результате издержек и предложения на рынке. Повышение издержек на единицу продукции в экономике сокращает прибыли и объем продукции, который фирмы готовы предложить при существующем уровне цен. В результате уменьшается предложение товаров и услуг в масштабе всей экономике.

Это уменьшение предложения, в свою очередь, повышает уровень цен. Два самых важных источника инфляции, обусловленной ростом издержек – это увеличение номинальной зарплаты и цен на сырье и энергию.

4. Прочтите и переведите предложения. Заполните пропуски следующими словами.

Raised, effectiveness, power, monetary, interest, strengthen, control, poor, device, succeeds, usefulness, in practice.

1. Decisions on monetary… can be reached and applied rapidly, since … is concentrated in the Board of Governors.

2. The effectiveness of monetary action is reasonably certain. Interest rates can always be … to a level at which the brakes take hold.

3. Monetary policy is an impersonal…, which produces its effect through the market mechanism. It is neutral as among individuals and groups in the economy. If the Federal Reserve… in restricting credit, some would-be borrows will be left unsatisfied.

4. The … of monetary policy depends on whether the problem is to tackle inflation or unemployment. … policy is more effective on the former front than on the latter.

5. During a recession the Federal Reserve can … bank reserves, reduce … rates, and establish an attractive atmosphere for borrowing. But it cannot directly affect the wish to borrow. As business prospects seem …, borrows will hold off and the desired increase in loans and spending will not materialize.

6. The … of monetary policy should not be overestimated. Monetary policy … is more complicated and less effective than appears from textbook examples.