- •Part 1. Air Pollution
- •Impacts on Air
- •Part 2. Soil Pollution
- •Vocabulary:
- •Residual Soils
- •Tropical Red Soils, 2. Clay, 3. Transported Soils, 4. Northern Forest Soils
- •Impacts on Soil
- •1. Metals, 2. Wood-waste Breakdown Products, 3. Pesticides, 4. Fuels, 5. Nutrients, 6. Salts, 7. Carbon: Nitrogen (c:n) Ratio, 8. Plant Diseases
- •Part 3. Water Pollution
- •Vocabulary:
- •Impacts on Water
- •1. Fuels, 2. Wood-waste Breakdown Products, 3. Metals, 4. Oxygen Demand, 5. Nutrients, 6. Ammonia (nh3), 7. Solids, 8. Pesticides, 9. Nitrates, 10. Pathogens
- •Part 4 Disastrous Consequences
- •Vocabulary:
- •A Universe of Pollution
- •Part 5. Mass Extinction
- •Vocabulary:
- •Mass Extinctions
- •Mass Extinction. Is It Really a Problem Today?
- •Part 6.
- •Industry
- •Vocabulary:
- •Manufacturing
- •Industry in the usa
- •Russian Industry
- •Part 7. Agriculture
- •Vocabulary:
- •History of Agriculture
- •Modern Agriculture
- •Agriculture in the usa
- •Part 8. Development Consequences
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Rivers, 2. Grasslands, 3. Oceans, 4. Islands, 5. Forests
Part 8. Development Consequences
Study the list of vocabulary and pronounce the words after the teacher:
Vocabulary:
increasingly [in’kri:siŋli] – всё более, всё в большей степени to strive [tə straiv] (strove [strəuv], striven [’strəuvən]) – стараться livable [’livəb(ə)l] – терпимый, сносный to disregard [tə ‚disri’ga:d] – не принимать во внимание, игнорировать creature [’kri:t∫ə] – существо to share [tə ∫eə] – делить destructive [dis’trлktiv] – разрушительный habitat loss [’hæbitæt lɔs] – потеря среды обитания to decrease [tə di:’kri:s] – уменьшаться to inhabit [tə in’hæbit] – населять to shrink [tə ∫riŋk] (shrank [∫ræŋk], shrunk [∫rлŋk]) – уменьшаться, сокращаться to threaten [tə ’θretn] – угрожать to survive [tə sə’vaiv] – выжить, остаться в живых to endanger [tə in’deindჳə] – подвергать опасности to escape [tə i’skeip] – убегать ravage [’rævidჳ] – опустошение, уничтожение burrow [’bлrəu] – нора to migrate [tə mai’greit] – мигрировать unbearable [лn’be(ə)rəb(ə)l] – нестерпимый, невыносимый to teem [tə ti:m] – кишеть, изобиловать fragile [’frædჳail] – хрупкий abundant [ə’bлndənt] – обильный reservoir [’rezəvwa:] – бассейн, водоём, водохранилище nutrient [’nju:triənt] – питательное вещество slash-and-burn [‚slæ∫ən(d) ’bə:n] – подсечно-огневое земледелие devastation [‚devə’stei∫(ə)n] – опустошение, разорение depleted [di’pli:tid] – истощённый, исчерпанный |
to prolong [tə prə’lɔŋ] – продлевать, продолжать to add [tə æd] – добавлять chemical fertilizer [’kemikəl ’fə:tialzə] – химическое удобрение to leach [tə li:t∫] – выщелачивать to derive [tə di’raiv] – получать, извлекать benefit [’benifit] – преимущество a multistoried jungle [‚mлlti’stɔ:rid ’dჳлŋg(ə)l] – многоярусные джунгли to reappear [tə ‚ri:ə’piə] – снова появляться, возрождаться indication [‚indi’kei∫(ə)n] – признак, показание plankton pasture [’plæŋktən ’pa:st∫ə] – пастбище планктона pollutant [pə’lu:t(ə)nt] – загрязнитель окружающей среды to reduce [tə re’dju:s] – уменьшать, снижать to imperil [tə im’peril] – подвергать опасности vital [’vaitl] – жизненный, жизненно важный to sustain [tə sə’stein] – поддерживать noticeable [’nəutisəb(ə)l] – заметный, приметный in a broad scale [in ə brɔ:d skeil] – в большом масштабе stream [stri:m] – река, ручей sewer [’sju:ə] – сточная труба, коллектор cesspool [’sespu:l] – выгребная яма, сточный колодец, отстойник to feed on fish [tə fi:d ɔn fi∫] (fed, fed [fed]) – питаться рыбой isolation [‚aisə’lei∫(ə)n] – изоляция to eliminate [tə i’limineit] – устранять, исключать to abound – быть в большом количестве liquid – жидкость to get rid of – избавиться от
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Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:
1. What is civilization? How do you explain the meaning of this word?
2. Does civilization play any role in the process of modern extinctions?
3. Does the human population continue to decrease?
4. What does the human population have to use in order to survive?
5. What do people do to comfort themselves?
6. How does human activity affect the environment?
Exercise 2. Practice reading the following words and expressions and translate them into Russian:
an increasingly large proportion, livable place, advancing human civilization, destructive effects, modern extinctions, the earth’s resources, to disregard the needs of the creatures, to strive to change the world, to share the planet
Exercise 3. Match the beginnings of the sentences on the left with their endings on the right:
Advancing human civilization … a. place for themselves.
The human population … b. including habitat loss because of pollution.
So it has to use an increasingly … c. the creatures with whom they share this planet.
Also, throughout their history, … d. large proportion of the earth’s resources.
They tried to make it a more livable … e. has been a chief factor in modern extinctions.
But they often disregarded the needs of … f. people have striven to change the world.
There are many destructive effects … g. continues to grow.
Exercise 4. Practice the reading of the following words and expressions and translate them into Russian:
year by year, the destruction of habitats, wild creatures, on oceanic islands, slash-and-burn devastation, extremely fragile, the needs of people and their livestock, abundant resources, the harmful effects of pollution, on a broad scale, the ravages of nature, throughout the world, the most damaging pollution, open sewers
Exercise 5. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:
Verbs:
1. to strive a. to abound in something
2. to share b. to make something to last longer
3. to threaten c. to be, give or take a part of something
4. to survive d. to avoid, to get free of
5. to escape e. to move from one place to settle in the other
6. to migrate f. to make a great effort
7. to teem g. to remove from a substance by a liquid passing through it
8. to prolong h. to continue to live after difficult experience
9. to leach i. to get rid of
10. to eliminate j. to stand before a great danger
Exercise 6. Read the following texts and match them with the titles given below:
