Industry in the usa

The USA has a highly developed system of industry. There are two kinds of industries: manufacturing and mining. With a huge home market and vast resources, the USA has the world’s most powerful economy. Its gross national product (the annual value of goods and services) far exceeds that of any other country. It has major financial and commodity markets in New York and Chicago. There is a vast transportation and communications network. Road transportation is more important than rail. The U.S. economy is based on free enterprise. Industrial methods are generally efficient and in factories automation is widespread. Manufacturing products include machinery, cars, aircraft, electronic goods, chemicals and foods.

Among the most important manufacturing industries are: automotive, ferrous metallurgy, non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering and metal working, petrochemical and chemical industries, light and food industries. Ferrous metallurgy is developed mostly in the north-east of the USA. Automotive industry is developed in Utah, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Michigan, Missouri, and Mississippi States. Mechanical engineering and metal working are mostly developed in the north-east and in California. Service industries are also important.

The USA is very rich in mineral resources: petroleum and copper (of which the country is the world leading producer), natural gas, coal (of which the country is the world’s second largest producer), gold, iron ore, silver and uranium ores are mined. Petroleum is mined in California, Texas, Oklahoma, and Alaska. Copper is mined in Montana, Utah, Arizona, Nevada and in Michigan. Coal and iron ore are mostly mined in the eastern part of the country.

The USA produces both for its national consumption and for exporting abroad. However, since 1960s the value of imported goods has exceeded the value of U.S. exports.

Exercise 10. Look through the text “Industry in the USA” once again and decide true or false are the following statements:

Statements:

1. The USA is rich in mineral resources. 2. Its major financial and commodity markets are in New York and Washington. 3. Rail road system is the most developed means of communication in the country. 4. Automotive industry is among the most important manufacturing industries in the USA. 5. Ferrous metallurgy is developed mostly in the south-west. 6. Mercury is mined in Texas.

Exercise 11. Read the text above once again and answer the following questions:

Questions:

1. The USA is a highly developed industrial country, isn’t it?

2. Both manufacturing and mining industries are developed, aren’t they?

3. Why does the country have the most powerful economy in the world?

4. What is the value of gross national product in the USA in comparison with other countries?

5. Where are the major financial and commodity markets?

6. The country has a vast transportation network, hasn’t it?

7. What does manufacturing industry produce in the USA?

8. Which manufacturing industries are the most developed in the USA?

9. The USA is rich in mineral resources, isn’t it?

10. Is the USA the leading producer of petroleum?

11. The country is the leading producer of natural gas, isn’t it?

12. Does the USA produce enough for its national consumption and for exporting abroad?

Exercise 12. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the words given below:

1. The United Kingdom was one of the … manufacturing nations.

2. Most companies usually choose economically … places for their factories location.

3. The traditional industrial regions were northern … and southern Wales.

4. Such industries as foods, electronic equipment, … services are rapidly developing today.

5. In the 1980-s privatization of many state-run industries took … in the UK.

6. London is the … of government and of financial services industry.

7. The Welsh coal-mining industry is almost … , and being replaced by light industry.

8. Scottish … industries include chemicals, electronic equipment, machinery, textiles, whisky.

9. The main … of Scotland are coal, limestone, clay and silica.

10. Service industry in Northern Ireland … three fourths of the workforce.

11. The textile industry uses imported … materials.

12. Shipbuilding, aircraft manufacture, chemicals, computers, and … food are other important industries in Scotland.

Words:

a. manufacturing b. raw c. financial d. major e. dead f. profitable

g. employs h. place i. minerals j. processed k. England l. centre

Exercise 13. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:

1. property a. transporting things in some (long or short) distances

1. lead b. being unable to pay debts

2. bankrupt c. something owned

3. delivery d. a person who buys goods or uses services

4. asbestos e. soft heavy grey metal

5. consumer f. fibrous mineral which does not burn

Exercise 14. Fill in double letters in the following words:

1. su--lies 2. co--ected 3. su--icient 4. co--odity

5. sma-- 6. su--er 7. proce--ing

Exercise 15. Read the following text “Russian Industry” and fill in the gaps with the words given below: