Manufacturing

Manufacturing 1 … with the output of new goods. Materials that are used for their production are called 2 … materials. Many years ago people produced new goods at home. Then in the 18^th century the 3 … was created. It brought to action big machines. So it became possible to create new goods 4 … and cheaper than by hands. And people had already 5 … to work at the factories and plants where those machines were located.

The very first machines appeared in the United Kingdom, because they were invented there. When the machines epoch began people stopped to 6 … goods at their homes because handicraft became unprofitable. The period of those changes is called the industrial revolution. At present 7 … are being produced at the factories.

Today there are two kinds of manufacturing production: 8 … and light. Heavy industry, for example, ship-building, uses big machines and heavy raw materials. Light industry uses light raw materials and produces 9 … goods.

If a company builds a factory it should choose 10 … profitable place for its location. For example, enterprises of some branches of heavy industry can be located close to the 11 … where a lot of materials are brought by ships. The other enterprises of this branch are built not far from the place of the extraction of raw materials.

Heavy materials are better to distribute by the 12 …, and raw materials and production of light industry by the highways or by air.

Words:

– port – steam-engine – produce – raw – economically – goods

– begun – deals – quicker – light – railway – heavy

Exercise 5. Match the beginnings of the sentences with their ends:

1. Manufacturing deals … a. invented in the UK.

2. The steam engine was … b. became unprofitable.

3. The machines were … c. distributed by air.

4. Light industry produces … d. with the output of new goods.

5. Home production … e. created in the 18^th century.

6. Light production is often … f. light goods.

Exercise 6. Answer the following questions:

1. What does manufacturing deal with?

2. Where were the new goods produced many years ago?

3. When was the steam engine created?

4. Why did the new machines appear in the UK?

5. What kind of goods does light industry produce?

6. What is the better way for heavy materials distribution?

Exercise 7. Practice reading the following words and expressions and translate them into Russian:

mechanical engineering and metal working, automotive industry, textile industry, exporting abroad, powerful economy, electrical engineering and electronic industry, iron ore mining, aero-space industry, commodity market, financial centre, gross national product, natural gas, leading producer, vast resources

Exercise 8. Answer the following questions:

1. Have you ever bought any American goods?

2. Have you ever been unsatisfied with the American quality?

3. What branches of American industry are the best to your opinion?

Exercise 9. Read the text “Industry in the USA” and find in it the words with the following meanings to fill in the crossword:

								I
								N
								D
								U
								S
								T
								R
								Y

1. metallic element widely used for structural and engineering purposes

2. system of intersecting lines, roads

3. to or in a foreign country

4. radioactive silvery-white metallic element

5. amount consumed

6. chemical element that is capable of conducting heat and electricity

7. way prepared for transporting passengers or cargos by different kinds of vehicles

8. set of methods, scheme of classification or arrangement