Unit 2 our star — the sun.
There are nine planets in the solar system:
M
e
— Mercury — Меркурій
Ve — Venus — Венера
Ea — Earth — Земля
Ma — Mars [ma:z] — Mapc
Jupiter — Юпітер
Saturn — Сатурн
Uranus — Уран
Neptune ['neptju:n] — Нептун
Pluto ['plu:tou] — Плутон
What do you know today of the nearest star which lies 150 million kilometers away?
The Sun is a mass of flaming matter, the temperature at its surface is above 5,500 degrees Centigrade, the temperature in the Sun's centre is as high as 20 million degrees Centigrade. The Sun's diameter is 109 times that of the Earth and its mass is 330,000 times greater.
The illumination of the Earth by the Sun is 10 billion times stronger than that by Sirius, the brightest star of the northern hemisphere. But this does not mean that the Sun is bigger than Sirius: it is simply closer to the Earth.
Nine planets with their satellites revolve round the Sun due to the force of universal gravitation. It takes our Earth a little more than 365 days to revolve around the Sun.
The Sun is the most important body in the Universe for mankind. It provides us with light during the day and the light of the Moon is only the reflected sunlight.
It is also important that the Sun gives us heat without which no life can exist on the Earth. It provides us with all the energy that we use every day.
When we look at the Sun, it seems a fire ball. But, even from a brief acquaintance with some of the solar phenomena, it is clear that the Sun is an ever boiling ocean. The Sun is a giant natural hydrogen bomb, equivalent to millions of man-made ones where the thermonuclear reaction proceeds continuously.
It is interesting to note that every second the Sun sends into space as much energy as mankind consumed during the whole period of its existence from the first fire of the cave-man to the establishment of the atomic power station.
Solar energy has great value to mankind.
Man has tried to use solar energy since the earliest times. Methods of using the light and heat energy from the Sun are not new, but they are not very efficient as yet.
It is necessary to find effective methods to use this immense supply of free energy, to make our star — the Sun — serve mankind.
Words to be learnt
bright a — яскравий consume v — споживати due to prp — завдяки during prp — протягом even adv — навіть exist v — існувати find (found) v — знаходити force n — сила |
mankind n — суспільство man-madea — штучний matter n — матерія mean (meant) v — значити Moon n — місяць power n — енергія provide v — забеспечувати reflect v — відображати |
(in)efficient a— непродуктивный lie (lay; lain) v — лежати Universe n — всесвіт value n — значення whole a — увесь Sun n — сонце |
supply n — запас since prp — з тих пір solar а — сонячний strong a — сильний serve v — служити heat n — тепло, и — нагрівати revolve v — обертатися |
Завдання 1. Дайте відповідь на запитання.
1. What is the Sun?
2. What is the temperature at the Sun's surface?
3. Which is the brightest star of the northern hemisphere?
4. Is the Sun bigger than Sirius?
5. How many planets revolve around the Sun?
Завдання 2. Заповніть пропуски, користуючись змістом текста.
1) The Sun is a mass of ______ matter.
2) Nine planets with their ______ revolve the Sun due to the force of universal
gravitation.
3) The Sun is the most _______ body in the Universe for mankind.
4) Solar energy has great ______ to mankind.
5) It is necessary to find effective methods to _______ this immense supply of free energy.
Завдання 3. Доберіть відповідні англ. слова та словосполучення підкресленим українським.
1. забезпечувати a) to supply; b) to provide; c) to give; d) to buy
2. величезний a) big; b) efficient; c) immense; d) right
3. відображати a) to reflect; b) to give; c) to light; d) to shine
4. знайомство a) greeting; b) meeting; c) coming; d) acquaintance
5. продовжувати a) to proceed; b) to keep; c) to lead; d) to enter
Завдання 4. Перекладіть на українську та англійську мову групи слів, користуючись текстом.
А) 1.найближча зірка; 2. північна півкуля; 3. сила всесвітнього тяжіння; 4.термоядерні реакції; 5. велика цінність.
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В) 1.flaming matter; 2. illumination of the Earth; 3. to revolve round the Sun; 4. natural hydrogen bomb; 5. immense supply of free energy.
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Завдання 5. Дайте вірні визначення наступним словам:
1. The Sun 2. Existence 3. Supply 4. To consume 5. Establishment |
a) the state or fact of being real or living. b) an amount of smth that is provided or available to be used. c) to use smth especially fuel, energy or time. d) the act of starting or creating smth that is meant to last for long time. e) mass of flaming matter. |
Завдання 6. Доповніть речення згідно з змістом тексту:
The temperature at its surface is _______.
It takes our Earth a little more than 365 days ________.
Man has tried to use solar energy since________.
The sun is a giant ________.
It is also important than the Sun gives us heat without which ________.