12. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие усилительную конструкцию:

1. It is due to the double-entry bookkeeping that the full information of any transaction can be easily obtained.

2. It is the organization of labour at this enterprise that requires improve­ment first.

3. It is an accountant who is responsible for preparing all financial statements at the end of a fiscal year.

4. It is the statistical analysis that is of great importance for proper planning.

5. It was the directors of the corporation who adopted the general plan of the plant reconstruction.

6. It is due to independent auditing that reliable information about financial position of the company has been published.

7. It was the government's tight policy which allowed to reduce high rates of inflation.

8. It is the use of money as a medium of exchange that distinguishes money from other assets.

13. Укажите, в каких предложениях содержится усилительная конструкция. Переведите предложения.

1. It is the government that can give tax benefits to the companies in order to support domestic industry.

2. It is necessary that the double recording of any transaction should be done to avoid possible errors.

3. It is important for countries to develop the trade based on the principle of comparative advantage as it brings benefits to both nations.

4. It was the EEC established in 1957 that accounted for 2/5 of the world trade.

5. It is at the age of 65 that people in many European countries can retire.

6. It was technological advances and specialization that influenced the development of corporations and enabled them to accumulate large amounts of capital.

7. It is sometimes desirable to limit exports of foreign goods into the country to protect domestic producers and to encourage their activities.

8. It is easy to set up a proprietorship, as one has only to purchase a licence.

9. It was due to the issuing of additional shares that the public company could finance this project.

10. It is undesirable that the rate of unemployment should be over four percent.

14. Повторите грамматический материал: значения слов that и those.

Слова that и those употребляются:

1. Как указательные местоимения в значении «тот», «те».

Например:

That method is more reliable than the old one.

Тот метод надежнее, чем старый.

2. Как заместители ранее упомянутых существительных. В этом случае они часто употребляются с предлогом of и на русский язык переводятся теми существительными, которые that и those заменяют.

Например:

The goods sold in the market are of lower quality than those of our company.

Товары, продаваемые на рынке, имеют более низкое качество, чем товары нашей компании.

3. That употребляется для присоединения придаточных предложе­ний и переводится союзным словом который.

Например:

A consumer prefers the good that has high quality and a reasonable price.

Потребитель предпочитает товар, который обладает высоким качеством и имеет разумную цену.

4. That употребляется для присоединения придаточных предложений и переводится союзом что.

Например:

It is well known that the market price is regulated by the law of supply and demand.

Хорошо известно, что рыночная цена регулируется законом спроса и предложения.

5. That употребляется как часть усилительной конструкции It is ... that. Например:

It is a reduction in incomes that influenced the quantity of the goods consumed.

Именно уменьшение доходов повлияло на количество потребляемых товаров.

6. That употребляется в предложениях типа It is necessary that и переводится союзом чтобы.

Например:

It is necessary that all data be prepared in time.

Необходимо, чтобы все данные были подготовлены вовремя.