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4. Составьте предложения из двух подходящих по смыслу частей.

    1. The principle of absolute advan­tage assumes

    1. Having been involved

    1. The concept of competitive ad­vantage proves

    1. Developed countries

    1. Both the buying and the selling nations

    1. The theory of comparative advan­tage emphasizes

    1. It is necessary

    1. Being limited by scarce resources

    1. In accordance with economic theory,

10. Promoting foreign trade

  1. in international division of labour, LDCs became the centres of cheap foreign labour.

  2. that the country can gain from trading high quality products and should compete for customers in the world market.

  3. producers from different countries participate in foreign trade as economic units.

  4. that a country should specialize in producing those goods which it can produce more cheaply than its trading partners.

  5. the governments want to expand the potential market for the goods of their countries.

  6. are known to have become main world trade centres, half of all foreign trade taking place between these countries.

  7. the nation has to develop wide trade relations to supply the necessary goods for domestic consumption.

  8. that developing countries export more finished goods instead of raw materials.

  9. that a country should specialize in producing certain goods although its trading partners produce those goods more cheaply.

  10. gain from trade relations, as coun­tries can consume larger and more diverse amounts of goods.

5. Замените выделенные курсивом слова в скобках английскими словами из словарного минимума к тексту Foreign Trade в правильной грамматической форме.

Japan is known as a small nation with high population density (плотность). Traditionally the Japanese government has to (разрешать) domestic producers export manufactured goods in order to (получить) additional foodstuffs. This policy resulted in a low level of living standards of the country’s great masses.

In the late 1940s Japan was said to be close to bankruptcy and starvation (голод). But between 1965 and 1973 the country was able to maintain a real average growth rate of 10 percent per year. It is important that during the same period, (участвуя в международной торговле) Japan increased it at a rate of 16.8 percent in real terms or twice the rate at which total world trade (расширилась).

(Согласно) statistical reports, per capita income rose within the past ten years from $700 to over $2,400. the adoption of a special trade policy and (стимулирование нововведений) in production (позволило) Japan to overtake (догнать) West Germany in terms of GNP by 1968 and to become the world’s third (главным) producer after the USA and the Soviet Union. In contrast to Japan’s earlier dependence on foreign (помощь), by 1971 Japan had become the second largest contributor, among non-Communist nation, of long-term capital to underdeveloped countries. As a result of this amazing rapid economic growth Japan (усилила) its role in the world economy. It is well known that (разнообразные) Japanese goods are highly (конкурентоспособны) and are popular with (покупателей) (повсюду) the world.