Инфинитив (The Infinitive)

Упражнение 1. Проанализируйте предложения, найдите в них ядро, и определите какую функцию выполняет инфинитив. Переведите предложения.

1. Liquid is constantly trying to flow. _____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. One answer to pollution is to reduce wastes.______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. Hot gases in the sun have high pressure and try to expand. __________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. During the 1700s scientists began to investigate the gases that make up the air.

_____________________________________________________________________________

5. The use of fire enabled people to change the properties of substances and to create new substances._____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

6. Through photosynthesis, plants are able to combine carbon dioxide and water into high-energy carbohydrates. ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

7. The sun will continue to be a source of our energy needs for at least 5 billion years. ____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

8. To determine the proportions of various chemical elements present in the human body is comparatively simple. _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

9. Shortage of water in the body begins to cause obvious changes when the water is reduced by about 10 per cent. _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

10. The central role of DNA in life processes began to be studied in detail in the late 1920s. ____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

11. To develop a vaccine against any parasite is a long-term effort that can take 20 to 30 years.

_____________________________________________________________________________

12. Cholera vaccine is to be administered only by or under the supervision of a doctor. ___________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

13. To make mathematics into a science has been the privilege of Greeks.

_____________________________________________________________________________

14. Physicians advise to eat food with good things in them ó vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Упражнение 2. Проанализируйте предложения, найдите ядро и обстоятельство цели, выраженное инфинитивом (инфинитивным оборотом). Переведите предложения.

1. For thousands of years humans used plants to cure sickness. _______________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. The food provides plants with energy to grow, to produce flowers and seeds. __________

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. To store a gas, it needs to be placed in a container. _______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. Like many crops, cotton must be kept dry after harvest to prevent mold. ______________

_____________________________________________________________________________

5. The water is chlorinated to kill disease-causing organisms. ________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

6. Plants take up boron in order to mobilize sugars. ________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

7. The alkali metals and barium are usually stored in oil to prevent reaction with water and air. ____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

8. Phenol should be properly labeled and stored to avoid accidental poisoning. __________

_____________________________________________________________________________

9. To prevent the escalation of climate change, scientists advise that we must reduce carbon dioxide emission by 60 per cent. _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

10. Some medicines should be taken with, or after food to avoid the possibility of stomach upsets. _________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Упражнение 3. Проанализируйте предложения, найдите ядро и обстоятельство следствия, выраженное инфинитивным оборотом. Переведите предложения.

1. Ice melts to form water. ____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. At 100∞C the water boils to form a gas or vapour steam. __________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. The thirty common elements can and do combine to form a huge variety of substances, solid, liquid and gaseous. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. Photosynthesis involves the uptake of carbon dioxide, water and other nutrients by plants to form organic matter and oxygen. ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

5. When iron rusts it combines with oxygen in the air to make iron oxide. ______________

_____________________________________________________________________________

6. All acids react with bases to form salts and water. _______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

7. During a chemical reaction atoms are never created or destroyed, they only get rearranged to form new substances. ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

8. Metals combine with oxygen to give oxides which are basic, whereas the non-metals give acidic oxides. ____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

9. Upon heating, boric acid partially vaporizes and loses water to form metaboric acid (HBO2). ________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

10. There are about 20 kinds of amino acids that link together in a specific order to form protein molecule. _________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Урок 10