№ 3 Medical and pedagogical observations in the research work of the students

Medical and Pedagogical observations are the investigations conducted both by the physician and coach (teacher ) to estimate the force of physical loads on those going in for physical culture and sports to perfect the planning of the study-training process. They can be conducted in effective, current and stage forms. To estimate the urgent training effect one must make use of effective forms of medical and pedagogical observation. Stage medical and pedagogical observations are conducted to study the cumulative effect of physical loads on those going in for sports. The collaborators of the sports medicine department of the Kharkov State Academy of Physical culture worked out and put into practice new forms of work of the students on studying the given part of sports medicine. Attending the lecture on the given topic and getting the instructions as far as the classes are concerned; the students conduct independently medical and pedagogical observations of athletes during their training or competitions, analyze the data received, make up essays and defend them at the next class on sports medicine. All the students of the group take an active part in the discussion of the essays. On conducting the medical and pedagogical observations students make use of simple subjective and objective methods of research: anamnesis, visual observation, pulsemetering, spirometering, dynamometering, tonometering. Anamnesis of an athlete helps the coach take into account his health and visual observation makes it possible to judge about his fatigability. Using pulsemetering one can estimate correctness of load distribution during training. Changes of frequency of heartbeat and blood pressure and quickness of their regeneration determine the level of functional state of cardio vascular system. The analysis of the data received gives the student an opportunity to determine the nature of the physical load, its adequacy to functional abilities of the organism and give practical instructions on using pedagogical, psychological, medical and biological means of regeneration.

№ 4 Functional trials and tests in sports medicine

For students of Physical Culture Institutes trials and tests are most available at carrying out laboratory activities. A functional trial is such an investigation which calls for demand of physically rated load of the determined task for the organism with the aim of evaluating response, period of rehabilitation and other factors. A functional trial is the synonym to test. The coaches use mostly the latter. Due to that only the level of developing some quality or physical ability is evaluated. For carrying out functional tests mostly physical loads are used. They consist of operational or postoperational (depending on time investigations) maximum, submaximum end supertmaximum (depending on intensity blood oxygen usage). We recommend jogging, up jumping, squatting, step lifting and down stepping, (step - test), running, cycling and skiing, swimming, rowing, etc. Well established are the following tests: Martine tests, GTSITK, LNIIFK, Kotov, Letunov, running and walking on tredbun, Master, Harvard step-tests, PWC 170 or PWC 150, Naveckic and the like. All the aforesaid tests can be divided into monomoment, doublemoment, treble moment, compound and inadequate. Besides physical loads used there are loads of different characteristics the value of which should not be underestimated. Among them we single out four groups: physical, respiration, pharmacological and alimentary.